Motor cortical beta activity (13–30 Hz) is a hallmark signature of healthy and pathological movement, but its behavioural relevance remains unclear. Using high-precision magnetoencephalography (MEG), we show that during the classical event-related desynchronisation (ERD) synchronisation (ERS) periods, motor in individual trials (n > 12,000) dominated by high amplitude, transient, infrequent bursts. Beta burst probability closely matched trial-averaged amplitude both pre- post-movement bursts...

Motor cortical activity in the beta frequency range is one of strongest and most studied movement-related neural signals. At single trial level, band often characterized by transient, high amplitude, bursting events rather than slowly modulating oscillations. The timing these tightly linked to behavior, suggesting a more dynamic functional role for previously believed. However, mechanisms underlying bursts sensorimotor circuits are poorly understood. To address this, we here leverage extend...

In combination with magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data, accurate knowledge of the brain's structure and location provide a principled way reconstructing neural activity high temporal resolution. However, measuring is compromised by head movement during scanning, fiducial-based co-registration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The uncertainty from these two factors introduces errors into forward model limit spatial resolution

Simulation theories propose that observing another's facial expression activates sensorimotor representations involved in the execution of expression, facilitating recognition processes. The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a potential mechanism underlying simulation expressions, with like neural processes activated both during observation and performance. Research monkeys adult humans supports this proposal, but so far there have been no investigations MNS activity early human development....

Abstract Processing facial expressions is an essential component of social interaction, especially for preverbal infants. In human adults and monkeys, this process involves the motor system, with a neural matching mechanism believed to couple self- other-generated gestures. Here, we used electroencephalography demonstrate recruitment system during observation execution in nine-month-old infants, implicating expression processing from very young age. Notably, examination early video-recorded...

Beta oscillations in human sensorimotor cortex are hallmark signatures of healthy and pathological movement. In single trials, beta include bursts intermittent, transient periods high-power activity. These burst events have been linked to a range sensory motor processes, but their precise spatial, spectral, temporal structure remains unclear. Specifically, role for activity information coding communication suggests spatiotemporal patterns, or travelling wave activity, along specific...

Decision making is a vital component of human and animal behavior that involves selecting between alternative options generating actions to implement the choices. Although decisions can be as simple choosing goal then pursuing it, humans animals usually have make in dynamic environments where value availability an option change unpredictably with time previous actions. A predator chasing multiple prey exemplifies how goals dynamically compete during ongoing Classical psychological theories...

Distinct anatomical and spectral channels are thought to play specialized roles in the communication within cortical networks. While activity alpha beta frequency range (7 - 40 Hz) is predominantly originate from infragranular layers conveying feedback-related information, gamma (>40 dominates supragranular communicating feedforward signals. We leveraged high precision MEG test this proposal, directly non-invasively, human participants performing visually cued actions. found that visual...

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a direct measure of neuronal current flow; its anatomical resolution therefore not constrained by physiology but rather data quality and the models used to explain these data. Recent simulation work has shown that it possible distinguish between signals arising in deep superficial cortical laminae given accurate knowledge surfaces with respect MEG sensors. This previous focused around single inversion scheme (multiple sparse priors) global parametric fit...

Animals and humans have a tendency to repeat recent choices, phenomenon known as choice hysteresis. The mechanism for this bias remains unclear. Using an established, biophysically informed model of competitive attractor network decision making, we found that decaying tail activity from the previous trial caused hysteresis, especially during difficult trials, accurately predicted human perceptual choices. In model, variability could be directionally altered through amplification or dampening...

Developmental EEG research often involves analyzing signals within various frequency bands, based on the assumption that these represent oscillatory neural activity. However, growing evidence suggests certain bands are dominated by transient burst events in single trials rather than sustained oscillations. This is especially true for beta band, with adult 'beta burst' timing a better predictor of motor behavior slow changes average amplitude. No developmental thus far has looked at bursts,...

Classical analyses of induced, frequency-specific neural activity typically average band-limited power over trials. More recently, it has become widely appreciated that in individual trials, beta band occurs as transient bursts rather than amplitude-modulated oscillations. Most studies treat them unitary, and having a stereotyped waveform. However, we show there is wide diversity burst shapes. Using biophysical model generation, demonstrate waveform variability predicted by the synaptic...

Beta activity is thought to play a critical role in sensorimotor processes. However, little known about how this frequency band develops. Here, we investigated the developmental trajectory of beta from infancy adulthood. We recorded EEG 9-month-old, 12-month-old, and adult humans (male female) while they observed executed grasping movements. analyzed "beta burst" using novel method that combines time-frequency decomposition principal component analysis. then examined changes burst rate...

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has traditionally been considered important for awareness, spatial perception, and attention. However, recent findings provide evidence that the PPC also encodes information making decisions. These have initiated a running argument of whether is critically involved in decision making. To examine this issue, we reversibly inactivated reach region (PRR), area specialized reaching movements, while two monkeys performed memory-guided or saccade task. task...

During value-based decision making, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to support choices by tracking the expected gain from different outcomes via a competition-based process. Using computational neurostimulation approach we asked how perturbing this region might alter competition and resulting value decisions. We simulated perturbation of neural dynamics in biophysically informed model decision-making through silico depolarization at level neuronal ensembles. Simulated...

Objective: Early mother-infant interactions are impaired in the context of infant cleft lip and associated with adverse child psychological outcomes, but nature these interaction difficulties is not yet fully understood. The aim this study was to explore adult gaze behavior cuteness perception, which particularly important during early social exchanges, response infants lip, order investigate potential foundations for seen population. Methods: Using an eye tracker, movements were recorded as...

Detecting when one's own gaze has been followed is a critical component of joint attention, but little known about its development. To address this issue, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to record infant neural responses at 6.5 and 9.5 months during observation an adult either turning look the same object as (congruent actor), or different (incongruent actor). We also preferential looking paradigm investigate whether infants would demonstrate preference for congruent versus incongruent...

Current flow that gives rise to non-invasive Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data derives predominantly from pyramidal neurons oriented orthogonal the cortical surface. The estimate of current based on extra-cranial magnetic fields is a well-known ill-posed problem; however, this distribution must depend anatomy. In other words, veridical should discriminate between true and distorted versions brain. Here, we make use advances in diffeomorphic brain shape modelling construct set parametrically...

Head-motion tracking and correction remains a key area of research in MRI, but the lack rigorous evaluation approaches hinders their optimization comparison. This study introduces an in-vivo framework to assess head-motion methods compares markerless optical system (MOS) fat-signal navigator (FatNav). Six participants underwent 3T brain MRI using T1-weighted (T1w) pulse-sequence with fat-navigator module. Participants performed head-rotations 2° or 4°, each visually guided by MOS feedback...