Numerous factors affect the distribution of mangrove plants.Most species are typically dispersed by.water-buoyant propagules, allowing them to take advantage estuarine, coastal and ocean currents both replenish existing stands establish new ones.The direction they travel depends on sea land barriers, but dispersal distance time that propagules remain buoyant viable.This is expected differ for each species.Similarly, will also in establishment success growth development rate, has tolerance...

Gas exchange characteristics were studied in two mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and Avicennia marina (Forstk.) Vierh. var australasica (Walp.) Moldenke, grown under a variety of salinity humidity conditions. The assimilation rate was measured as function the intercellular CO(2) concentration [A(c(i)) curve]. photosynthetic capacity decreased with increase from 50 to 500 millimolar NaCl, shown by decline both initial linear slope upper plateau A(c(i)) curve, A. being...

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that climate change and intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has increased variation in sea level. Although widespread impacts on intertidal ecosystems are anticipated to arise from level seesaw associated with change, none have yet been demonstrated. Intertidal ecosystems, including mangrove forests among those highly vulnerable rise, but they may also be variability extreme low events. During 16 years monitoring a forest Mangrove Bay...

The water use characteristics of two mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina, in salinities 50, 250 500 mol m-3 NaCI leaf-to-air vapour pressure differences 6, 12 24 mbar were studied relation to growth, carbon partitioning salt balance. net efficiency A. declined with increasing salinity decreasing humidity. In contrast, was more conservative which maintained the almost constant variation salinity. higher rates uptake leaf area/plant mass ratios than marina. Growth...

We investigated the effect of temperature and irradiance on leaf respiration (R, non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release) snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng). Seedlings were hydroponically grown under constant 20°C, controlled-environment conditions. Measurements R (using Laisk method) photosynthesis (at 37 Pa CO2) made at several irradiances (0–2,000 μmol photons m−2 s−1) temperatures (6°C–30°C). At 15°C to 30°C, substantial inhibition occurred 12 s−1, with maximum...

ABSTRACT We investigated the relationship between daily and seasonal temperature variation dark respiratory CO 2 release by leaves of snow gum ( Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng) that were grown in their natural habitat or under controlled‐environment conditions. The open grassland field site SE Australia was characterized large diurnal changes air temperature. On each measurement day, leaf respiration rates darkness measured situ at 2–3 h intervals over a 24 period, with measurements...

Summary Dwarf stands of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. are extensive in Caribbean. We fertilized dwarf trees Almirante Bay, Bocas del Toro Province, north‐eastern Panamá with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to determine (1) if growth limitations due nutrient deficiency; (2) what morphological and/or physiological factors underlie growth. Shoot was 10‐fold when P twofold N fertilization, indicating that stunted these mangroves is partially deficiency. Growth enhancements caused by or...

Aspects of xylem anatomy and vulnerability to water stress-induced embolism were examined in stems two drought-deciduous species, Brachychiton australis (Schott Endl.) A. Terracc. Cochlospermum gillivraei Benth., evergreen Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzal) Benth. Austromyrtus bidwillii (Benth.) Burret., growing a seasonally dry rainforest. The deciduous species more vulnerable embolism. B. C. reached 50% loss hydraulic conductivity at -3.17 MPa -1.44 MPa, respectively; occurred -5.56 -5.12...

Mangrove trees dominate coastal vegetation in tropical regions, but are completely replaced by herbaceous salt marshes at latitudes above 32 degrees N and 40 S. Because water deficit can increase damage caused freezing, we hypothesized that mangroves, which experience large deficits as a result of saline substrates, would suffer freeze-induced xylem failure. Vulnerability to embolism was examined the most poleward mangrove species North America, an area where freezing is rare severe,...

Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone places intense pressure on marine communities. Previous studies have shown that growth intertidal mangrove forests is accelerated with enhanced nutrient availability. However, favours shoots relative to roots, thus enhancing rates but increasing vulnerability environmental stresses adversely affect plant water relations. Two such are high salinity and low humidity, both which require greater investment in roots meet demands for by shoots. Here we...

1. There were interspecific differences in salt-tolerance. Sonneratia alba grew salinities ranging from fresh water to sea water, with growth being maximal 5 50% water. In contrast, lanceolata 0 occurring 5% 2. Under optimal conditions for of both species (i.e. water), the less salt-tolerant species, S. lanceolata, achieved twice height, leaf area and biomass more species. It appears that increasing salt-tolerance is at expense competitive ability under low salinity conditions. 3. Growth...

Properties and display of foliage were studied in relation to gas exchange characteristics tropical mangrove species. Rates assimilation CO2 maximal at leaf temperatures approximately 30°C. The species operated with higher water use efficiencies than do most C3 species, water-use became increasingly conservative increase the salinity tolerance Changes three properties leaves, i.e. inclination, area, succulence, contributed maintenance near air minimal evaporative cooling. Interspecific...

Cold-induced photoinhibition was studied in relation to the distribution of juvenile Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex. Spreng near low temperature limits its southeastern Australia. In early autumn, there were no differences photosynthetic properties leaves from plants naturally growing canopy-shaded or fully exposed sites, with all having characteristics typical high light environments. mid-winter, cold-induced photoinhibition, as indicated by loss quantum yield, increased increase exposure...

• Transient lulls in air movement are rarely measured, but can cause leaf temperature to rise rapidly critical levels. The high heat capacity of thick leaves damp this rapid change temperature. However, little is known about the extent which increased thickness reduce thermal damage, or how would need be have biological significance. We evaluated quantitatively contribution small increases reduction damage during critically low wind speeds under desert conditions. employed a numerical model...

Abstract Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain increases in plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations with latitude: (i) geochemical limitation P availability the tropics (ii) temperature driven variation growth rate, where greater rates (requiring nutrient levels) are needed complete reproduction within shorter growing seasons temperate than tropical climates. These two were assessed one forest type, intertidal mangroves, using fertilized plots at sites between latitudes...

Background and Aims Halophytic eudicots are characterized by enhanced growth under saline conditions. This study combines physiological anatomical analyses to identify processes underlying responses of the mangrove Avicennia marina salinities ranging from fresh- seawater Methods Following pre-exhaustion cotyledonary reserves optimal conditions (i.e. 50 % seawater), seedlings A. were grown hydroponically in dilutions amended with nutrients. Whole-plant characteristics analysed relation dry...

In woody plants, photosynthetic capacity is closely linked to rates at which the plant hydraulic system can supply water leaf surface. Drought-induced embolism cause sharp declines in xylem conductivity that coincide with stomatal closure and reduced photosynthesis. Recovery of after drought dependent on restored function, although few data exist elucidate this coordination. We examined dynamics gas exchange function Eucalyptus pauciflora seedlings exposed a cycle severe stress recovery...

Summary This process has been reinvestigated, mainly with X-rays, using an FeO-containing, fibrous variety (nemalite), and also a nearly pure specimen. The results confirm that the transformation is oriented, c - -directions of brucite becoming normals to (111) (11̄0) in periclase. There intermediate, spinel-like stage; spinel -axis parallel to, twice as long as, stage especially prominent when nemalite heated air or nitrogen, but shown by material. shows further intermediate under certain...