In recent times, the deployment of advanced structural health monitoring techniques has increased due to aging infrastructural elements. This paper employed an enhanced You Only Look Once (YOLO) v4-tiny algorithm, based on Crack Detection Model (CDM), accurately identify and classify crack types in reinforced concrete (RC) members. YOLOv4-tiny is faster more efficient than its predecessors, offering real-time detection with reduced computational complexity. Despite smaller size, it maintains...

Water distribution network is a costly infrastructure and plays crucial role in supplying water for the consumers especially those who are living urban areas. The importance huge capital cost of system leads to considerable attention on seeking optimal design. necessity such sound research arises from complexity associated with problem. In recent years, stochastic optimization algorithms like genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, ant colony etc. found be successful exploring combination...

A water distribution network is said to be under pressure-deficient condition when hydraulic-head or pressure-head at any of its nodes fall below the required level. The demands these cannot fully satisfied. To make analysis simple, it generally assumed that demand satisfied irrespective available and this approach referred as demand-driven analysis. For simplicity, received great attention in past several computer packages are readily for normal operational network. On other hand,...

In modern civilization, water distribution network has a substantial role in preserving the desired living standard. It different components such as pipe, pump, and control valve to convey from supply source consumer withdrawal points. Among these elements, optimal sizing of pipes great importance because more than 70% project cost is incurred on it. Unfortunately, pipe falls category nonlinear polynomial time hard (NP-hard) problems. Hence, solid research activities march two facts, namely,...

Water distribution network that includes supply reservoirs, overhead tanks, consumer demand nodes, interconnecting pipes, lifting pumps, and control valves is the main mode of water for majority communities especially in urban areas. Supply required quantity at right time primary objective analysis. The analysis networks can be broadly classified into design operation problems both have been focus many researchers over past three decades. In problems, target attaining cost effective...

Domestic water demand has been increasing due to rapid population growth and better living standards resulting from global economic development. On the other hand, available for withdrawal usage show decline in trend climate change arising accelerated urbanization industrial revolution. Under this starved conditions, main target of supply providers should be equitable distribution limitedly all consumers. This necessitates arrive at compromise between level. To ensure equity supply, accurate...

Abstract Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse is one of the strategic options for preserving available freshwater resources and ensuring sustainability. The success any utility project centered on public acceptance utilization. A questionnaire randomly distributed to 397 farmers study willingness use TWW agriculture pay reuse. socio-economic profile farmers, satisfaction water supply, agricultural factors are considered as influential parameters. Descriptive analysis, χ2 test, Mann–Whitney U...

Abstract Climate change poses a major threat to agriculture and food security, especially in developing countries where farmers depend on rainfall groundwater for irrigation. This paper investigates how Sivakasi taluk, Tamil Nadu, India perceive respond climate – temperature its impacts agriculture. Actual data are analyzed using Mann–Kendall test Sen's slope estimator test, the results compared against farmers' perceptions obtained through questionnaire survey. The trend analysis showed an...

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGMCSF) is a proinflammatory cytokine and hematopoietic growth factor. Recombinant human (rhGMCSF) serves as biotherapeutic agent in bone marrow stimulations, vaccine development, gene therapy approaches, stem cell mobilization. The objective of the present study includes construction rhGMCSF having N-terminal intein tag, expression protein both extracellularly intracellularly from yeast system followed by its purification single step...

The control of pH process has a vast range applications in wastewater treatment, biochemical and electrochemical processes, the paper pulp industry many other areas. Tight is also critical production pharmaceuticals. However, dynamics highly nonlinear, time varying with change gain several orders. It very difficult to investigate dynamic behavior such systems using conventional modeling techniques thereby designing controller parameters. In this paper, pole placement based PI designed for...

In water distribution networks, pressure-head at a demand node more than what is required to satisfy the considered as surplus. But, it cannot be completely taken Because excess essential compensate head-losses in off-taking links so maintain downstream nodes. Also, recent years, attention given avoid too much pressure-heads order reduce damages and leakages pipes. Thus, there need compute of that neither creates pressure-deficit nor Such termed desirable this paper new method proposed. The...

This paper describes the heave, surge, sway motion characteristics of a twin circular hull semisubmersible model. The theoretical prediction based on linear potential theory have been correlated with experimental results. Parametric studies carried out to find effect various parameters and identify important ones.

Abstract A field study is done to analyze the effects of water reuse for irrigation with a focus on seed germination, crop morphology, yield, nutritional values edible parts, fertilizer reduction, and benefit–cost ratio. For study, three different crops, Lablab bean, tomato, chilli, are considered every type irrigated groundwater (GW), diluted treated wastewater (DTWW), (TWW). The reveals that DTWW optimal germination. Crops TWW have highest morphological characteristics. Crop yield...