The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Short-term Prediction Research Transition Center (SPoRT) has been part of a collaborative effort within the Oceanic Atmospheric (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Proving Ground Risk Reduction (PGRR) Program to develop gridded satellite sounding retrievals for operational weather forecasting community. NOAA Unique Combined Processing (NUCAPS) retrieves vertical profiles temperature, water vapor, trace gases, cloud properties...

In this paper, we describe how researchers and weather forecasters work together to make satellite sounding data sets more useful in severe forecasting applications through participation National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) JPSS Proving Ground Risk Reduction (PGRR) program. The HWT provides a forum for collaboration improve products ahead of widespread operational deployment. We found that the utilization NOAA-Unique Combined Processing System...

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Short-term Prediction Research Transition (SPoRT) Center has worked closely with the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R series Joint Polar Satellite System Proving Grounds to develop transition unique ozone products derived from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrievals Ocean (OPC). These were developed aid identification of stratospheric air enhance situational awareness rapid cyclogenesis hurricane-force wind events...

At high latitudes in winter, the atmosphere at flight levels used by passenger and cargo aircraft can reach temperatures cold enough to restrict flow of jet fuel from tanks engine, due either water freezing or itself freezing. Currently, aviation forecasters rely on a combination reports, pilot sparse network radiosondes, global model fieldsfor identifying characterizing Cold Air Aloft (CAA) events. More atmospheric data are needed improve forecasts CAA placement timing, satellite...

A NASA project spans the gap between research and operations, introducing new composites of satellite imagery to weather forecasters prepare for next generation satellites.

Abstract Red–green–blue (RGB) composite imagery combines information from several spectral channels into one image to aid in the operational analysis of atmospheric processes. However, infrared are adversely affected by limb effect, result an increase optical pathlength absorbing atmosphere between satellite and earth as viewing zenith angle increases. This study develops a technique quickly correct for effects both clear cloudy regions using latitudinally seasonally varying correction...

Abstract Airborne dust has broad adverse effects on human activity, including aviation, health, and agriculture. Remote sensing observations are used to detect aerosols in the atmosphere using long established techniques. False color Red‐Green‐Blue (RGB) imagery band differences sensitive absorption (Dust RGB) is currently operationally assist forecasters decision‐makers identifying at night, but there still limitations, subjectivity, nuances image interpretation making night‐time...

Abstract This study examines characteristics of lightning in snowfall events (i.e., thundersnow, TSSN) from the perspective Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service (NESDIS) merged Snowfall Rate (mSFR) product. A thundersnow detection algorithm (TDA) was derived GLM mSFR that resulted a probability (POD) 66.7% when compared to aviation routine weather report (METAR) reports TSSN. However, using TDA an additional 2175 flashes within...

Abstract Low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) hyperspectral infrared (IR) sounders have significant yet untapped potential for characterizing thermodynamic environments of convective initiation and ongoing convection. While LEO soundings are value to weather forecasters, the temporal resolution needed resolve rapidly evolving thermodynamics environment is limited. We developed a novel nowcasting methodology extend snapshots forward in time up 6 h create product available within National Weather Service...

Abstract The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) began creating multispectral [i.e., red–green–blue (RGB)] composites in early 2000s with advent Meteosat-8 Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). As new satellite sensors—for example, Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari (AHI) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Baseline (ABI)—become available, there is a need to adjust EUMETSAT RGB standard thresholds (i.e., recipes)...

Abstract In recent years, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Unique Combined Processing System (NUCAPS) hyperspectral infrared satellite sounding retrievals derived from Joint Polar Satellite (JPSS) polar‐orbiting satellites have been documented as observations that add value to weather forecasting applications. NUCAPS is currently the operational algorithm delivering JPSS NOAA Weather Service (NWS) based on heritage Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Science Team for processing...

Anticipating changes in hurricane intensity can be challenging data sparse regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. Hyperspectral infrared retrieved profiles have potential to provide a wealth information about vertical structure thermodynamic characteristics atmosphere such as temperature and moisture which impact intensity. Increased forecaster situational awareness identification moist or dry layers near-storm environment indicate impending storm This investigation demonstrates utility value...

Hyperspectral infrared satellite sounding retrievals are used to examine thermodynamic changes in the tropical cyclone (TC) environment associated with diurnal cycle of radiation. Vertical profiles temperature and moisture retrieved from Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) system, Oceanic Atmospheric Administration-20 (NOAA-20), Meteorological Operational (MetOp-A/B) leveraging both microwave technologies. binned radially based on distance storm center composited at 4-h...

Abstract Red–green–blue (RGB) composites are increasingly used by operational forecasters to interpret vast amounts of satellite imagery reducing several bands into a single, easily understood product which identifies important atmospheric features with unique colors. Limb effects, result an increase in optical pathlength the absorbing atmosphere between and Earth as viewing zenith angle increases, adversely affects RGB composite interpretation causing anomalous reductions brightness...

Abstract It has been theorized that thundersnow (TSSN) occurs in conjunction with heavy snowfall rates and geographical regions where heavy-banded snow more frequently. This study aims to objectively quantitatively identify characteristics associated TSSN improve the situational awareness of hazards. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), National Environmental Satellite Data Information Services (NESDIS) merged Snowfall Rate (mSFR) product, surface observations were utilized characterize...

Abstract Using gridded and interpolated Derived Motion Winds from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), a Lagrangian cloud-feature tracking technique was developed to create, document trajectories associated with electrified snowfall changes in cloud characteristics leading up initiation of lightning, respectively. This study implemented thundersnow detection algorithm defined (TSI) as first group flash detected by Geostationary Lightning Mapper when snow occurring. Ten ABI channels four...

Abstract The 10–12 April 2019 thundersnow (i.e., lightning within snowfall) outbreak was examined via ground‐ and space‐based observations simulated using a numerical weather prediction model with an explicit electrification parameterization. When compared to observations, the simulation propagated synoptic snowband two six hours faster while also exaggerating 3‐D reflectivity structure. Throughout event, produced 1,733 flashes which less than what observed by sensors. In general, were...

Abstract Two nor'easter events—sampled during the NASA Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast‐Threatening Snowstorms (IMPACTS) field campaign—were examined to characterize microphysics in relation underlying electrification processes within wintertime stratiform regions. A theoretical model was developed determine whether accretion or diffusion growth regimes were preferential periods greatest electrification. Model simulation with parameterization used provide...

Abstract. On 16–17 February 2020, dust within a Saharan Air Layer (SAL) from western Africa moved over the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Satellite imagery and products ABI on GOES-16, VIIRS NOAA-20, CALIOP CALIPSO along with retrieved values of layer total precipitable water (TPW) MiRS NUCAPS, respectively, were used to identify SAL Use various satellite also characterize distribution vapor SAL. There was distinct pattern between detection masking water. Specifically, detected when or TPW...

Abstract. On 16–17 February 2020, dust within the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) from western Africa moved over eastern Atlantic Ocean. Satellite imagery and products ABI on GOES-16, VIIRS NOAA-20, CALIOP CALIPSO, along with retrieved values of layer total precipitable water (TPW) MIRS NUCAPS, respectively, were used to identify SAL Various satellite also characterize distribution vapor SAL. There was a distinct pattern between detection masking water. Specifically, detected when TPW approximately...

Airborne dust is known to have detrimental effects on human health, the environment, and aviation. Earth-observing satellites been used monitor events using visible infrared bands, but presence of clouds smoke makes it a difficult phenomenon identify. Moreover, nighttime has similar radioactive properties that cooler underlying surfaces. We propose detection algorithm uses false color EUMETSAT Dust Red-Green-Blue (RGB) imagery (dust RGB). The false-color aims enhance process in both daytime...