Conventional energy sources such as fossil fuels, oil, coal and natural gas methane are non-renewable that were once considered primary depleted due to intensive use which has led the escalation of global crisis. In addition, fuels a significant disadvantage in terms emission toxic harmful gases into atmosphere pollute environment. An alternative is obtain by processing biomass obtained process photosynthesis used raw material for bioenergy production. Biomass refers non-fossilized...

The development of biological pesticides is rapidly becoming an integral aspect pest management in sustainable agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 against three common seedborne fungal pathogens-Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus flavus. identity determined using 16S rRNA tuf gene sequences. Commercial wheat, barley, oat, rye seeds were artificially infected by isolates then treated with overnight...

Rye is a dual-purpose crop, for nutrition but also bioenergy. The selection of rye aimed at its improvement as plant human and animal consumption, it interesting bioenergy production combines high biomass with low environmental impact. There growing demand sustainable sources worldwide. Directions achieving energy purposes include to increase yield corresponding physiological properties. During three years (2019-2021), four genotypes were examined. aim this study was examine the influence...

The object of this study was a two-year trial (2009 and 2010) regarding variability morphological characteristics species belonging to Sorghum genus, more specifically interspecies hybrid between sorghum Sudan grass Siloking as affected by different applications nitrogen. following were analysed: plant height, number leaves, leaf ratio, stem shoots. Samples taken from the first cut when effect applied nitrogen doses strongest. results showed that increasing quantities significantly tested...

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) are the most serious viral pathogens in production of ornamental plants Europe North America (1). During a survey for presence tospoviruses July 2012, potted begonia hybrids (Begonia × tuberhybrida Voss) exhibiting foliar chlorotic rings zonal spots accompanied by leaf necrosis distortion, were observed greenhouse vicinity Banja Luka (Bosnia Herzegovina). Leaf samples collected from 12 symptomatic analyzed INSV TSWV...

Hereby the expansion of host range Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae), found previously on zucchini in Bosnia and Herzegovina (3), to two new hosts is reported. Also, this first finding WMV “emerging” (EM) isolate causing more severe symptoms some cucurbits than “classic” (CL) isolates (1). During a July 2013 survey determine presence Herzegovina, Kosijerovo locality (Laktaši Municipality, Herzegovina), virus-like were observed 10% plants. Severe mosaic, puckering, leaf...

The present study examined the effects of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani infection on antioxidative metabolism in leaves and roots carrot (Daucus carota L.). Disease symptoms appeared at end June form chlorosis some leaves, which became intensely red one week later, while previously healthy from same branch becme chlorotic. A few days all infected leaf were red. Infected plants also had slower growth compared to ones with fewer branches developed. less developed, seared, or gummy without...

In April 2013, yellowing and distortion of leaves as well mosaic chlorotic ring symptoms were observed on calla lilies (Zantedeschia sp.) in nurseries Bosnia Herzegovina (Fig. 1). The virus-like present several greenhouses the vicinity Banja Luka. Disease incidence was estimated to be between 10 20% 200 plants inspected. Since ornamental plant production is great economic importance that region, symptom-bearing collected, a pooled sample frozen brought Institute for Sustainable Plant...

In July 2012, a survey was conducted to determine the presence of tospoviruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina, symptoms resembling those caused by Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) were observed an onion (Allium cepa) seed crop Gornji Karajzovci locality (Region Banja Luka). Symptoms included chlorotic necrotic, straw-colored, spindle- diamond-shaped lesions, variable size randomly distributed on leaves particularly scapes. Later lesions enlarged coalesced,...

During July 2012, field-grown melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) with symptoms of mosaic, chlorotic mottling, and vein banding as well blistering leaf malformation were observed in one field the locality Kladari (municipality Doboj, Bosnia Herzegovina). Disease incidence was estimated at 60%. A total 20 symptomatic collected tested double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using commercial polyclonal antisera (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) against four most commonly reported viruses: Cucumber...

In the period from late May 2004 to 2010, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) between 11 and 22 years old was observed for incidence of symptoms shortened shoots zigzag internodes, with tiny, chlorotic leaves, torn bended edges, necrosis along edges leaves dead internervous tissue. These are conspicuous especially when vine is in F phases development. Later, course vegetation, dying infected branches or covering by a new foliage mass perceived. Foliar initially confined one arm vines; however, as...

Over the past several decades, necrotic spots, lesions and blight symptoms have been observed on onion leaves in locations Bosnia Herzegovina, where crop is grown intensively. The type of indicated a possible infection with Botrytis squamosa, widespread pathogen onion. As leaf spots can also be caused by some other biotic abiotic factors, our research focused identifying causal agent symptoms. was isolated from diseased tissue using standard phytopathological procedure identified based...

At the beginning of July 2020, three-month-old carrot plants (Daucus carota L. variety Maestro F1) grown in a commercial field 1.2 ha size at Begeč locality (45°14'30.38" N 19°36'44.82" E) southern part Bačka region, Vojvodina, Serbia, exhibited symptoms yellowing and reddish leaf discoloration. end July, leaves on infected became bronze purplish, while their shoots roots were stunted due to dehydration, with pronounced proliferation. In some cases, damage was so extensive that it led plant...

Several potyvirus species cause severe economic losses in cucurbit crops the Mediterranean region, but Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is regarded as one of most destructive (2,3). In June 2012, field-grown watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum and Nakai) showing mild to mosaic, mottling, bubbling followed by leaf deformation with blistering were observed Kukulje locality (Region Banja Luka) Bosnia Herzegovina. Incidence infection field was visually estimated at 15%....

Colletotrichum trifolii is a fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose disease in alfalfa. The isolates of C. were obtained from diseased alfalfa stems collected field Serbia. It was determined by pathogenicity examination that four (Luc-7, Luc-17, Luc-27, Luc-33) can cause stem lesions on inoculated plant. Our compared using reference (CBS 158.83). Isolates MA and CDA developed olive green to grey colonies with white margin, while the substrate got dark color. Conidiophores hyaline,...

In June and July 2012, symptoms resembling those caused by a tospovirus infection were observed on the greenhouse-grown gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa Benth. Hook.) in Lijevče polje, vicinity of Banja Luka (Bosnia Herzegovina). Infected plants exhibited chlorotic ring spots necrotic patterns followed necrosis distortion leaves. Disease symptom incidence was estimated at 30% out 400 inspected plants. Symptomatic leaves collected tested double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA test using commercial...

In order to optimize the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in greenhouses and evaluate how a usage of mulching covering plants with woven agrotextile affects its yields, N content, nitrate, Zn vitamin C leaves, 2-yr experiment was established. experiments, black white plastic foils were used for before planting, plant after planting. The effect each, as well combination them, on growth productivity evaluated. involved six treatments: control (without mulch), polyethylene mulch, mulch...

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Genetic-physiological approach was used in the study of quality Serbian spruce seed (Picea omorika /Pancic/Purkyn?), collected populations on left bank river Drina. The originated from three that represent overall ecological and productive conditions Bosnia Herzegovina. Two natural were selected: Veliki Stolac Gostilj, one planted forest population Srebrenica. cones late autumn 2009 early spring 2010. They five trees Srebrenica seven Stolac. Immediately after they collected, seeds processed...