A5046400231- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Cellular transport and secretion
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Plant Virus Research Studies
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2016-2025
Public Health Department
2006-2023
New York Academy of Sciences
2023
John Wiley & Sons (Germany)
2023
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
2023
Hudson Institute
2023
University of North Carolina Health Care
2022
Environmental Protection Agency
2012
Faculty of Public Health
2002-2006
Emory University
2004
Abstract Noroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant hit theory model microbial infection was developed to estimate variation virus infectivity, as well degree aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling aggregation allows us express per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison a primary and...
Noroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans, noted for causing epidemic outbreaks communities, military, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living communities. The evolutionary mechanisms governing persistence emergence new norovirus strains human populations unknown. Primarily organized by sequence homology into two major genogroups defined multiple genoclusters, majority caused viruses from GII.4 genocluster, which was first recognized as strain mid-1990s....
ABSTRACT To examine the long-term infectivity of human norovirus in water, 13 study subjects were challenged at different time points with groundwater spiked prototype norovirus, Norwalk virus. virus remained infectious after storage room temperature dark for 61 days (the last point tested). The virus-seeded was stored 1,266 and analyzed, RNase treatment, by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect RNA contained within intact capsids. capsids detected days, no significant...
Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide with GII.4 strains accounting for 80% infections. The major capsid protein is evolving rapidly, resulting in new altered antigenic potentials. To test if drift may contribute to persistence, human memory B cells were immortalized and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) characterized reactivity a panel time-ordered virus-like particles (VLPs). Reflecting complex exposure history volunteer, anti-GII.4 mAbs grouped into three...
A broad defense against SARS-like viruses Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third that has emerged as a serious human pathogen in past 20 years. Treatment strategies are broadly protective current and future coronaviruses needed. Martinez et al . take on this challenge by developing vaccines based chimeras of viral spike protein. The messenger RNA encode proteins composed domain modules from epidemic pandemic coronaviruses, well bat with potential to cross...
ABSTRACT Attachment of Norwalk (NV), Snow Mountain (SMV), and Hawaii (HV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific ABH histo-blood group antigens was investigated by using human saliva synthetic biotinylated carbohydrates. The three distinct Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) have various capacities for binding antigens, suggesting that different mechanisms NLV attachment likely exist. Importantly, antisera from NV-infected volunteers, as well mice inoculated with packaged Venezuelan equine...
ABSTRACT Little is known about the immune response to noroviruses. To elucidate immunobiology of norovirus infection in humans, 15 volunteers were challenged with Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a genogroup 2 norovirus. We assessed cellular and humoral by analyzing stool, serum, saliva, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses pre- postchallenge. In contrast Norwalk (NV), SMV was not dependent upon group secretor status. Nine infected showed ≥4-fold increase over prechallenge anti-SMV...
Background. GII.4 noroviruses are a significant source of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, causing the majority human norovirus outbreaks. Evolution major capsid protein occurs rapidly, resulting in emergence new strains that produce successive waves pandemic disease. A isolate, 2012 Sydney, largely replaced previously circulating late 2012. We compare antigenic properties Sydney with strains. Methods. To determine whether GII.4-2012 is antigenically different from recently GII.4-2006...
Noroviruses are the principal cause of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. Multiple reports have concluded that major capsid proteins GII.4 strains, which 80% norovirus infections worldwide, evolving rapidly, resulting in new strains. Surrogate neutralization assays using sera from outbreaks and immunized mice suggest that, as with influenza virus, antigenic variation maintains persistence face human population herd immunity. To test this hypothesis, were hyperimmunized virus-like particles...
Noroviruses account for 96% of viral gastroenteritis cases worldwide, with GII.4 strains responsible >80% norovirus outbreaks. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are binding ligands, and antigenic preferential HBGA profiles vary over time as new emerge. The capsid P2 subdomain facilitates binding, contains neutralizing antibody epitopes, likely evolves in response to herd immunity. To identify amino acids regulating differences time, we created chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) between...
The major capsid protein of norovirus GII.4 strains is evolving rapidly, resulting in epidemic with altered antigenicity. GII.4.2006 Minerva circulated at pandemic levels 2006 and persisted lower until 2009. In 2009, a new variant, GII.4.2009 New Orleans, emerged since then has become the predominant strain circulating human populations. To determine whether changes blockade epitopes correlate emergence Orleans strains, we compared antibody reactivity panel mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)...
Norovirus immunity is poorly understood as the limited data available on protection after infection are often contradictory. In contrast to more prominent GII noroviruses, GI norovirus infections less frequent in outbreaks. The noroviruses display very complex patterns of heterotypic immune responses following infection, and many individuals highly susceptible reinfection. To study mechanisms GI.1 persistence, we built structural models recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) five strains:...
Background Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis and characterized by antigenic variation between genogroups genotypes drift strains within predominant GII.4 genotype. In context this diversity, an effective NoV vaccine must elicit broadly protective immunity. We used antibody (Ab) binding blockade assay to measure potential cross-strain protection provided a multivalent virus-like particle (VLP) candidate in human volunteers. Methods Findings Sera from ten...
Noroviruses Represent a Significant Worldwide Disease Burden (NoVs), members of the Calicivirus family, are small, positive-polarity RNA viruses and most important cause human foodborne viral gastroenteritis worldwide.These gastrointestinal disease, resulting in recurrent bouts vomiting diarrhea that typically last 24-48 hours.NoVs transmitted via fecal-oral route, commonly through infected food or water person-to-person contact, result 267 million infections [1] over 200,000 deaths each...
ABSTRACT Noroviruses are the primary cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans, and GII.4 strains ∼80% overall disease burden. Surrogate neutralization assays using sera mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) suggest that antigenic variation maintains persistence face herd immunity, as emergence new pandemic is accompanied by newly evolved epitopes. To potentially identify specific blockade epitopes likely neutralizing evolving between strains, mice were hyperimmunized with GII.4-2002...
Rapidly evolving RNA viruses, such as the GII.4 strain of human norovirus (HuNoV), and their vaccines elicit complex serological responses associated with previous exposure. Specific correlates protection, moreover, remain poorly understood. Here, we report GII.4-serological antibody repertoire—pre- post-vaccination—and select several clonotypes for epitope structural analysis. The humoral response was dominated by GII.4-specific antibodies that blocked ancestral strains or bound to...
Human norovirus causes more than 700 million illnesses annually. Extensive genetic diversity and a paucity of information on conserved neutralizing epitopes pose major obstacles to the design broadly protective immunogens. Here, we used high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-driven proteomics quantitatively characterize circulating serum IgG repertoire before after immunization with an experimental monovalent GII.4 VP1 capsid-encoding adenoviral vaccine....
ABSTRACT Noroviruses (NoVs) of genogroup II, cluster 4 (GII.4), are the most common cause outbreaks acute gastroenteritis worldwide. During past 13 years, GII.4 NoVs caused four seasons widespread activity globally, each associated with emergence a new strain. In this report, we characterized recent epidemic strain, GII.4-2006 Minerva, by comparing virus-like particle (VLP) antigenic relationships and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding profiles strains isolated earlier. We also...
ABSTRACT Genogroup II, genotype 4 (GII.4) noroviruses are known to rapidly evolve, with the emergence of a new primary strain every 2 years as herd immunity previously circulating is overcome. Because viral genetic diversity higher in chronic than acute infection, chronically infected immunocompromised people have been hypothesized be potential source for epidemic GII.4 strains. However, while some capsid protein residues under positive selection and undergo patterned changes sequence...
Noroviruses represent the most important cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide; however, currently no licensed vaccine exists. Widespread vaccination that minimizes overall norovirus disease burden would benefit entire population, but targeted specific populations such as healthcare workers may further mitigate risk severe and death in vulnerable populations. While a few obstacles hinder rapid development efficacious vaccines, human trials for virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines show...