Precipitation pattern has changed over many regions in recent decades. There are evidences of increased heavy precipitation and decreased light widespread parts the globe due to global warming. Many studies Indian region focus on risk floods. But few works discuss changes droughts. In this study, total dry days, prolonged spells, precipitation, drought as indicated by Modified Palmer Index (MPI) India during six decades (1951–2010) examined quantitatively context It is found that there...

Groundwater quality of Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) has been assessed during different seasons year 2012. Three physical (pH, EC, and TDS) four chemical parameters (Ca2+, Cl−, TH, Mg2+ SO4 2−) from 18 bore wells were assessed. The results showed that pH majority groundwater samples indicates a slightly basic condition (7.99post-monsoon 8.35pre-monsoon). TH was hard [322.11 mg/lpre-monsoon, 299.37 mg/lpost-monsoon but lies under World Health Organization (WHO) upper limit]. TDS, Ca2+...

In the present study, an attempt was made to estimate rainfall by synergistically analyzing collocated thermal infrared (TIR) brightness temperatures from Meteosat along with estimates active microwave precipitation radar (PR) on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) over Indian land and oceanic regions. this we used broad frequent TIR measurements a geostationary satellite for estimation, calibrating them sparse but more accurate PR rain rates. To make algorithm robust, two‐step...

Rainfall is an extremely variable parameter in both space and time. Rain gauge density very crucial order to quantify the rainfall amount over a region. The level of accuracy highly dependent on distribution rain stations Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have installed number Automatic Weather Station (AWS) gauges region study rainfall. In this paper, effect daily accumulated analyzed using ISRO AWS observations. A 50 km × box southern part (Bangalore) with good identified for...

Abstract A significant change in the precipitation pattern over India has been reported previous studies. This includes an increase heavy and a decrease light and/or moderate precipitation. study examines possible link between these changes regional climate conditions, using surface temperature Vertically Integrated Moisture Transport (VIMT) records. It is that extremes during southwest (SW) monsoon season show coherent variability with India. The spectrum shows from cold to warm years,...

The past few decades have witnessed a change in precipitation patterns around the world. This includes an increase heavy and decrease light moderate precipitation. Global/regional warming has been attributed as one of major factors causing observed patterns. Past studies over Indian region not focused much on quantification impact changes present research quantifies region. For this purpose, rain gauge‐based high‐resolution gridded data from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for 113...

A new technique has been developed to estimate rainfall at very fine scale (hourly rain rate 0.05° ×0.05° spatial resolution) over India and associated oceanic regions (20° S-40° N, 40° E-130° E). By using infrared (IR) 6.7-μm water vapor (WV) channel observations from Meteosat-7, a index (RI) is computed. The computation composed of two steps. First, the IR WV brightness temperatures are divided by their respective nonrainy thresholds get coefficients. product these coefficients defined as...

Kashmir valley witnessed multiple heavy snowfall spells in January 2017 that triggered an avalanche, killing 24 people, including 20 Indian Army Personnel, whose camp was struck by the avalanche. This study aims to present analysis of events occurred majority districts during using station data from India Meteorological Department (IMD). Results show there were three episodes intense over different parts Kashmir. Maximum daily accumulated measurements about 11.5 and 9.2cm recorded at...

Weather plays critical role in the safety and operational efficiency of aircraft operation.As early as 1913 India Meteorological Department started taking upper air observation to support aviation first forecast was issued 1921 for Royal Air Force (RAF). While evolution Aviation services years primarily driven by military aviation, it post second World war rapid growth commercial gave boost India. kept pace with growing demands sector modernising its observing systems, communication...

In machine learning (ML) applications, unfairness is triggered due to bias in the data, data curation process, erroneous assumptions, and implicit rendered during development process. It also well-accepted by researchers that fairness ML application highly subjective, with a lack of clarity what it means from an implementation perspective. Thus, this research, we investigate formalize notion perceived sociotechnical lens. Our goal research understand characteristics applications. We address...