Because malunion (usually with dorsal elevation of the first metatarsal) has been reported after treatment severe hallux valgus deformities by proximal osteotomies, current study was designed to compare sagittal stability six different metatarsal shaft osteotomies: crescentic, chevron, Mau, Scarf, Ludloff, and biplanar closing wedge osteotomies. A plate used in osteotomy; all others screws for fixation. Ten fresh-frozen, human anatomic lower extremity specimens were each osteotomy. Failure...

To test the hypothesis that a plate applied to plantar (tension) side of medial midfoot provides stronger fixation than fusion with screw fixation, we biomechanically compared two constructs for fusion. We created model instability in eight matched pairs cadaver legs by section joint capsule, ligaments, and tendons about Lisfranc's joints, then performed load-to-failure study compare provided plantarly third tubular cortical screws. After an initial load deformation curve 1000 N was...

For metatarsalgia caused by a dislocated lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and isolated over-long metatarsals, surgical treatment options without sacrificing the are limited. Recently, Weil osteotomy has been advocated for of this deformity. In our experience, preliminary results with technique have revealed high rate dorsiflexion contracture MTP joints at follow-up. We performed cadaver study three-dimensional analysis on sawbones to investigate phenomenon. cadaveric portion study,...

Background: Achieving stable fixation when performing tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis can be challenging, especially in osteopenic bone. The purpose of the current investigation was to compare stiffness and fatigue endurance blade-plate-and-screw with intramedullary rod a cadaveric model. Methods: In ten matched pairs fresh-frozen legs, performed use blade-plate 6.5-mm sagittal screw one leg an contralateral leg. After initial load-deformation curve obtained, each specimen loaded 270 N...

Lengthening of the lateral column is commonly used for reconstruction adult and pediatric flatfoot, but can result in supination foot symptomatic overload. The addition a medial cuneiform osteotomy has been to redistribute forces column. combined use lengthening reproducible cadaver flatfoot model was evaluated.Twelve specimens were physiologically loaded each evaluated radiographically pedobarographically following conditions: 1) intact, 2) severe 3) with simulated flexor digitorum longus...

Acquired flexible flatfoot encompasses a wide spectrum of disease, and there is no validated treatment protocol. We hypothesized that medializing calcaneal osteotomy with flexor digitorum longus transfer adequate to correct less severe acquired but not more flatfoot. also use an additional procedure would further the flatfoot.The study included seven pairs cadaver specimens, one side randomly selected for creation mild deformity other, deformity. Cyclic axial load was applied intact foot,...

Background: Little has been reported about the biologic effect of shock waves on human normal or pathologic tendon tissue. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine and MMP production would be down-regulated by wave stimulation. Materials Methods: Diseased Achilles tissue healthy flexor hallucis longus were used. Shock treatment was applied to cultured cells at 0.17 mJ/mm 2 energy 250, 500, 1000, 2000 times. Results: A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability noted receiving 1000 shocks...

Background: We aimed to define reference lines on standard lateral ankle radiographs that could be used intraoperatively minimize iatrogenic nerve injury risk in medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. Methods: Forty cadaveric specimens were used. In 20 specimens, the sural, plantar (MP), and (LP) nerves sutured radiopaque wire, a radiograph was obtained. On radiograph, line drawn from posterior superior apex of tuberosity origin fascia labeled as “landmark line.” A parallel 2 mm most...

Background: Tendon healing is a slow and complicated process that results in inferior structural functional properties when compared to healthy tendon tissue. It may be possible improve outcomes of with enhancement biological aspects the repair including tissue structure, organization, composition. The purpose this study was determine whether use stem cell-bearing suture improves Achilles rat model. Methods: transected 108 bilateral hind limbs from 54 rats. Each limb randomized only (SO),...

Background: A subacromial balloon spacer is an option to treat irreparable rotator cuff tears. We hypothesized that the would restore glenohumeral contact pressure, acromion-humeral interval, and deltoid load intact values after a simulated supraspinatus tear in cadaveric model. Methods: Fourteen shoulders (mean age at time of death, 67.9 years) were tested using custom test frame. In this frame, measured digital sensor, MicroScribe, spring scale, respectively. Test conditions included...

We evaluated the change in position of first metatarsal head using a three-dimensional digitizer on sawbone models. Crescentic, closing wedge, oblique shaft (Ludloff 8° and 16°), reverse (Mau rotational “Z” (Scarf), proximal chevron osteotomies were performed secured 3-mm screws. The 16° Ludloff provided most lateral shift (9.5 mm) angular correction (14.5°) but also produced elevation (1.4 shortening (2.9 mm). corrections similar to those crescentic wedge with less shortening. Because...

The purposes of the current study were: to analyze relative fatigue endurance five different first metatarsal shaft osteotomies (proximal crescentic, proximal chevron, Ludloff, Mau, and Scarf), as performed on sawbone models using most common fixation techniques (part I); compare two more commonly used (per part I results) in matched-pair cadaver specimens II). In I, chevron Mau were significantly stable (P >0.005) than all other except Ludloff. II, there was no significant difference...

We hypothesized that the posterior-to-anterior (PA) calcaneal interlocking screw of Biomet Ankle Arthrodesis Nail would increase rotational stability secondary to increased bone purchase compared with standard lateral-to-medial (transverse) screw. Each 10 fresh human cadaver lower limbs (five matched pairs) were stabilized a nail inserted retrograde through calcaneus, talus, and tibia according technique. One limb each pair was fixed transverse screw; contralateral limb, PA then subjected...

The success of the medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy in correcting flatfoot deformities is likely to be result a shift Achilles tendon forces on hindfoot. purpose this study was twofold: 1) define contribution deformity, and 2) effect osteotomy.We used six different experimental dynamic stages: intact foot without loading; with 3) 4) but 5) 6) loading. flaffoot developed by releasing posterior tibial tendon, spring ligament, plantar fascia applying 7,000 cycles axial fatigue load...

Abstract Screening and processing methods currently in place have made the risk of bacterial viral infections from allograft tissues extremely low. However, development a terminal sterilization method that does not adversely affect tissue function would provide an added safety to for transplantation. We assessed whether high‐dose gamma irradiation could be used as effective allografts without impairing preimplantation mechanical integrity tissues. Semitendinosus tendons were pretreated with...

Background: Lag screw fixation commonly is used to treat avulsion fractures of the posterior calcaneal tuberosity, but this method may not offer reliable fixation. This study compared strength failure lag screws augmented with suture anchors in these fractures. Methods: The calcanei and Achilles tendons 12 fresh lower extremity cadaver matched pairs were dissected removed. An oblique osteotomy was created calcaneus, two 4.0-mm placed nearly perpendicular plane fracture dorsal aspect...

It is not known whether nonisometric femoral graft attachment diminishes the effectiveness of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction.To determine a point associated with differences in contact area and pressure joint as compared an isometric point.Controlled laboratory study.Eleven cadaveric knees were amputated secured loading fixture. The quadriceps tendon was clamped 5 cm above proximal pole patella fixed to plate. Colinear compressive forces applied. Forces set achieve moments at...

This biomechanical study compared suture anchors versus transosseous sutures for repair of quadriceps tendon ruptures using a force 150 N at frequency 0.5 Hz. No significant difference in displacement was found between the 2 techniques with initial loading or load no after 1000 cycles. Displacement cycles and bone tunnels 4.65 4.50 mm, respectively. These findings suggest possible role repairing ruptures. Suture are relatively expensive but require less dissection over patella do not involve...

Obtaining adequate fixation during tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis may be challenging. Various constructs have been tested biomechanically, but the use of a locking plate has not reported. We hypothesized that with TTC augmentation screw would provide structural rigidity comparable to intramedullary (IM) nail dorsiflexion testing.Six matched pairs fresh frozen cadavers underwent arthrodesis. Specimens in each pair were randomized receive or an nail. Each specimen had additional through...

Elongation of ligaments during early mobilization after reconstruction may be associated with decreased stability. We evaluated elongation the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) before and lateral within a physiologic range motion protected unprotected, isolated dorsiflexion/plantarflexion motion.Six fresh frozen cadaver legs were used ATFL meticulously dissected. A differential variable reluctance transducer (DVRT) was spaced to span course using consistent placement points based on...

Abstract Purpose : Free bone or periosteal flaps from the medial femoral condyle are being employed for treatment of recalcitrant nonunions. When harvested in a corticocancellous fashion, these have potential to compromise stability femur. This study is designed test axial femur after harvest using standardized composite model. Methods Corticocancellous defects width and depth (2 cm × 1 cm) were with increasing length (3‐cm intervals extending 3 24 over five models. After each block, was...

Background: Arthroscopic criteria for identifying syndesmotic disruption have been variable and subjective. We aimed to quantify arthroscopically using a standardized measurement device. Methods: Ten cadaveric lower extremity specimens were tested in intact state after serial sectioning of the structures (anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament [AiTFL], interosseous [IOL], posterior [PiTFL], deltoid). Diagnostic ankle arthroscopy was performed each sectioning. Manual external rotational...