We investigated the incidence and nature of psychological symptoms occurring during first two months after severe hand injuries. 94% patients had significant at some point early in rehabilitation, including nightmares (92%), flashbacks (88%), affective lability (84%), preoccupation with phantom limb sensations (13%), concentration/attention problems (12%), cosmetic concerns (10%), fear death (5%), denial amputation (3%). Two later, (63%) remained pronounced. Nightmares (48%), (0%), (0%)...

The everyday experience of stepping onto a stationary escalator causes stumble, despite our full awareness that the is broken. In laboratory, this “broken escalator” phenomenon reproduced when subjects step an obviously platform (AFTER trials) was previously experienced as moving (MOVING and attests to process motor adaptation. Given critical role M1 in upper limb adaptation potential for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) increase cortical excitability, we hypothesized anodal...

For smooth and efficient motor control, the brain needs to make fast corrections during movement resist possible perturbations. It also adapt subsequent movements improve future performance. is important that both feedback feedforward adaptation need be made based on noisy often ambiguous sensory data. Therefore, initial response of system, for online adaptive responses, guided by prior assumptions about likely structure In context correcting adapting perturbed a force field, we asked...

When processing sensory signals, the brain must account for noise, both noise in stimulus and that arising from within its own neuronal circuitry. Dopamine receptor activation is known to enhance visual cortical signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) perceptual performance; however, it unknown whether these two dopamine-mediated phenomena are linked. To assess this, we used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied area V5/MT reduce SNR focally thus disrupt motion discrimination...

Background and purpose Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) reduces number falls in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It was hypothesized that enhanced sensory processing contributes to this PPN‐mediated gait improvement. Methods Four PD (and eight matched controls) implanted bilateral PPN subthalamic DBS electrodes were assessed on postural (with/without vision) vestibular perceptual threshold tasks. Results Pedunculopontine ON (compared OFF) lowered...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an increasingly used clinical treatment for various neurological disorders, particularly movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanism by which these high frequency electrical pulses act on neuronal activity unclear. Once stimulating electrode placed in situ, electrode-brain interface (EBI) created. To compensate lack of studies effects this generic depth EBI therapeutic DBS, we constructed a three-dimensional computational model using...

How does the motor system choose speed for any given movement? Many current models assume a process that finds optimal balance between costs of moving fast and rewards achieving goal. Here, we show such also need to take into account prior representation preferred movement speed, which can be changed by prolonged practice. In time-constrained reaching task, human participants made 25-cm movements within 300, 500, 700, or 900 ms. They were then trained 3 days execute at either slowest...

Essential tremor (ET), a movement disorder characterised by an uncontrollable shaking of the affected body part, is often professed to be most common disorder, affecting up one percent adults over 40 years age. The precise cause ET unknown, however pathological oscillations network number brain regions are implicated in leading disorder. Deep stimulation (DBS) clinical therapy used alleviate symptoms disorders. DBS involves surgical implantation electrodes into specific nuclei brain. For...

Background The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is the premiere target in magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy for tremor; however, there no consensus on optimal coordinates ablation. This study aims to ascertain various international VIM targeting approaches (VIM-TA) and any evolution practice. Methods International MRgFUS centers were invited share VIM-TAs 2019 2021. Analyses of modification practice anatomical markers and/or tractography use carried out....

The global prevalence of diabetes has been rising rapidly in recent years, leading to an increase patients experiencing hyperglycemic crises like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar state (HHS). Patients with impaired renal function experience a delay insulin clearance, complicating the adjustment dosing elevating hypoglycemia risk. Accordingly, this study aims evaluate impact on safety efficacy use isolated DKA or combined DKA/HHS. A retrospective observational was conducted at...

Head movement imposes the additional burdens on visual system of maintaining acuity and determining origin retinal image motion (i.e., self-motion vs. object-motion). Although during is effected by minimizing slip via brainstem vestibular-ocular reflex, higher order visuovestibular mechanisms also contribute. Disambiguating versus object-motion invokes mechanisms, a cortical reciprocal antagonism propounded. Hence, one prediction vestibular modulation excitability indirect measures have...

For more than 30 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to target the symptoms of a number neurological disorders and in particular movement such as Parkinson's disease (PD) essential tremor (ET). It is known that loss dopaminergic neurons substantia nigra leads PD, while exact impact this on dynamics not fully understood, presence beta-band oscillatory activity thought be pathological. The cause ET, however, remains uncertain, however pathological oscillations...

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a successful surgical therapy used to treat the disabling symptoms of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. It involves chronic disorder‐specific nuclei. However, mechanisms that lead clinical improvements remain unclear. Consequently, this slows optimization present‐day DBS and hinders its future development application. We computational model calculate distribution electric potential induced by study effect on spiking activity subthalamic...

Background. Recovery from stroke is often said to have “plateaued” after 6 12 months. Yet training can still improve performance even in the chronic phase. Here we investigate biomechanics of accuracy improvements during a reaching task and test whether they are affected by speed at which movements practiced. Method. We trained 36 survivors (57.5 years, SD ± 11.5; 10 females) over 4 consecutive days endpoint an arm-reaching (420 repetitions/day). Half group using fast other half slow...

Objective Brain networks mediating vestibular perception of self‐motion overlap with those balance. A systematic mapping perceptual pathways in the thalamus may reveal new brain modulation targets for improving balance neurological conditions. Methods Here, we systematically report how magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery nucleus ventralis intermedius commonly evokes transient patient‐reported illusions self‐motion. In 46 consecutive patients, linked descriptions to...

Oscillations in the basal ganglia are an active area of research and have been shown to relate hypokinetic motor symptoms Parkinson's disease. We study oscillations a multi-channel mean field model, where each channel consists interconnected pair subthalamic nucleus globus pallidus sub-populations.To how channels interact, we perform two-dimensional bifurcation analysis model individual channel, which reveals critical boundaries parameter space that separate different dynamical modes; these...