One of the key components traditional seismic interpretation is to associate or “label” a specific amplitude package reflectors with an appropriate geologic facies. The object clustering algorithms use computer accelerate this process, allowing one generate interpreted facies for large 3D volumes. Determining which attributes best quantify morphology component seen by human interpreter critical successful clustering. Unfortunately, many patterns, such as coherence images salt domes, result...

The seismic horizon is a critical input for the structure and stratigraphy modeling of reservoirs. It extremely hard to automatically obtain an accurate interpretation data in which lateral continuity reflections interrupted by faults unconformities. process can be viewed as segmenting traces into different parts each part unique object. Thus, we have considered object detection problem. We use encoder-decoder convolutional neural network (CNN) detect “objects” contained traces. boundary...

We propose a common-subexpression-elimination (CSE) method for the synthesis of fixed-point finite-impulse response (FIR) filters. The proposed CSE algorithm considers both redundancy among canonic-signed-digit (CSD) filter coefficients and length critical path in multiplier block transposed-form FIR filter. Therefore, can perform tradeoff designs between complexity throughput rate. number adders synthesized by our is commensurate with that graph-dependence algorithms. On other hand,...

Seismic noise attenuation is an important step in seismic data processing. Most algorithms are based on the analysis of time-frequency characteristics and noise. We have aimed to attenuate white using convolutional neural network (CNN). Traditional CNN-based need prior information (the “clean” or contained seismic) training process. However, it difficult obtain such practice. assume that can be simulated by a sufficient number user-generated realizations. then modified denoising CNN...

Faults in the subsurface can be an avenue of, or a barrier to, hydrocarbon flow and pressure communication. Manual interpretation of discontinuities on 3D seismic amplitude volume is most common way to define faults within reservoir. Unfortunately, fault time-consuming tedious task. Seismic attributes such as coherence help faults, but suffer from “staircase” artifacts nonfault-related stratigraphic discontinuities. We assume that each sample data located at potential plane. The hypothesized...

Seismic horizons are the compulsory inputs for seismic stratigraphy analysis and 3D reservoir modeling. Manually interpreting on thousands of vertical slices survey is a time-consuming task. Automatic horizon algorithms usually based reflector dip. However, estimated dip inaccurate near across geologic features such as unconformities. We determined to improve quality picked using multiple attributes. assume that follow same should have similar instantaneous phase values. first generate...

Seismic volumetric dip and azimuth are widely used in assisting seismic interpretation to depict geologic structures such as chaotic slumps, fans, faults, unconformities. Current popular estimation methods include the semblance-based multiple window scanning (MWS) method gradient structure tensor (GST) analysis. However, accuracy using semblance is affected by of reflectors. The GST analysis centered at point. We have developed a new algorithm overcome disadvantages MWS combining improving...

Prestack seismic inversion techniques provide valuable information of rock properties, lithology, and fluid content for reservoir characterization. The confidence inverted results increases with increasing incident angle gathers. most accurate result simultaneous prestack P-wave data is P-impedance. S-impedance estimation becomes reliable angles approaching 30°, whereas density evaluation 45°. As the offset increases, we often encounter “hockey sticks” severe stretch at large offsets. Hockey...

Prestack seismic analysis provides information on rock properties, lithology, fluid content, and the orientation intensity of anisotropy. However, such demands high-quality data. Unfortunately, noise is always present in data even after careful processing. Noise prestack gathers may not only contaminate image, thereby lowering quality interpretation, but it also bias inversion for as acoustic- shear-impedance estimation. Common postmigration conditioning includes running window median Radon...

In this study, the effect of three oxidants, sodium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, and ozone, were tested for removal 2-MIB with presence cyanobacteria. Algae in water samples from source Feng-Shen waterworks (FSW), Taiwan cultivated at 30 degrees C continuous light an intensity between 2,500 3,400 lux. During cultivating process, analyzed nutrients, absorbance 665 nm (A665), concentration. The concentrations within incubated increased to as high 1,000 ng/L 2,000 ng/L, although no...

Spectral decomposition is a powerful analysis tool that has been significant success in delineating channels, fans, overbank deposits and other relative thin architectural elements of clastic carbonate depositional environments. Because its fluvial-deltaic basin floor turbidite-fan systems, most publications spectral have used time-migrated data. Interpreting components attributes such as peak frequency on depth migrated data requires slightly different perspective. First, the results are...

Abstract In exploration and earthquake seismology, most sources used in subsurface structure imaging rock property estimation are fixed certain positions. Continuously moving seismic sources, such as vehicles the metro, one kind of important passive ambient noise research. Commonly, data acquisition processing for based on assumption simple point dispersion curve inversion is applied to constrain near-surface velocity. This workflow neglects Doppler effects. Considering continuously...

Semblance and other coherence measures are routinely used in seismic processing, such as velocity spectra analysis, interpretation to estimate volumetric dip delineate geologic boundaries, poststack prestack data conditioning edge-preserving structure-oriented filtering. Although interpreters readily understand the significance of outliers for amplitude being described by a Gaussian (or normal) distribution, root-mean-square log-normal measurement given is much more difficult grasp. We have...

Summary Seismic attributes are routinely used to assist for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. The more commonly geometric include 1) reflector dipazimuth, 2) coherence, 3) curvature. Most publications were in time-migrated data. While interpreting such as coherence on depth migrated data requires a slightly different perspective. First, the samples meters or feet rather than milliseconds. Second, Fourier Transform is necessary during estimation of attributes. They...

Summary Seismic attributes are routinely used to assist for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterization. The more commonly geometric include 1) reflector dipazimuth, 2) coherence, 3) curvature. Conventionally, we use a constant user-defined window in the attribute generation. Shorter vertical provides higher resolution but reduced signal-to-noise ratios. Larger windows (greater than dominant period) may provide greater ratios mix stratigraphy. Due attenuation losses with depth,...

Analyzing the time-frequency features of seismic traces plays an important role in stratigraphy analysis and hydrocarbon detection. The current popular time-spectrum methods include short time Fourier transform (STFT), continuous wavelet (CWT), S-transform (ST) matching pursuit (MP), among which MP is most tolerant window/scalar effect. However, existed algorithms do not consider interfering effects events on estimation optimal wavelets each decomposition iteration. interfered reflection may...

Seismic data with enhanced resolution allow interpreters to effectively delineate and interpret architectural components of stratigraphically thin geologic features. We used a recently developed time-frequency domain deconvolution method spectrally balance nonstationary seismic data. The was based on polynomial fitting wavelet magnitude spectra. increased the spectral bandwidth but did not amplify random noise. compared our new modeling algorithm existing time-variant spectral-whitening...

Summary We present alternative P-wave anisotropy measures to analyze traveltime variation associated with fracture density and direction. This velocity-independent anisotropic analysis method can avoid the Dix-type equation. Velocity variations azimuth (VVAz) are used detect high locations in azimuthally migrated data. calculate crosscorrelation coefficients at each time sample find out lags between different volumes. These traveltimes allow deriving a best-fit sinusoid curve as amplitude...

Acquisition footprint often poses a major problem for 3D seismic data interpretation. Ideally, from acquisition can be processed through more careful attention to trace balancing statics, noise reduction, and velocity analysis (Hill et al., 1999; Gülünay, 2000). Such reprocessing is not feasible on many legacy volumes where the pre-stack cannot found or no longer exists. Seismic attributes provide an effective means of delineating subtle geological features interest such as channels, small...

Continuously moving seismic sources, such as vehicles and train cars, play a crucial role passive sources for nondestructive exploration in urban areas. Seismic interferometry is commonly used field data acquisition processing using linear arrays. However, the simultaneous recording of high-energy noise, excited by buildings factories, cannot be overlooked. We simulate moving-source records with strong noises orthogonal When noise originates from specific angles, energy-phase velocity curves...

Summary Whether it is in reference to the limitations of interpretation or associated with seismic processing, usage phrase acquisition footprint never a positive context. Footprint contaminates both time structure map and impedance inversion. Although common, often poorly understood. more common older, lower fold surveys. Part this mystery due division labor most exploratory companies. Processing usually conducted by specialists service company, while attribute analysis interpreters (often...

Summary Footprint noise triggered by acquisition can generate artifacts which suppress the real subsurface features. The repeatable patterns of footprint are often bane seismic interpreters, consequently, it should be removed before interpretation and imaging. According to analysis Douze Laster (1979) on significance velocity -based semblance, we use statistical coherence instead coherence, preserve structural edge while applying structure-oriented filtering. In this paper, inspect apply...