We study experimentally the jamming phenomenon of granular flow monodisperse disks $D\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}5\mathrm{mm}$ diameter in a two-dimensional hopper with opening $R$. The probability $J(d)$ is measured where $d\ensuremath{\equiv}R/D$. found that decreases from 1 to zero when $d$ increases 2 5. From observing disk configurations arch events, can be explained quantitatively by treating as trajectory restricted random walker.

We consider layers of noncohesive granular materials mean height $h$ subject to vertical vibration $z\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}A\mathrm{cos}(\ensuremath{\omega}t)$. Above $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\equiv}A{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}/g\ensuremath{\simeq}1$, convection begins, creating a heap $L$. find that for particles diameter $d<1\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{mm}$ the pressure $P$ surrounding gas plays key role:...

Noncohesive granular materials driven by a vertically vibrated horizontal surface become unstable when the acceleration exceeds g. Then there is internal convective transport of balanced continuous avalanches leading to an inclined surface. We describe studies above onset flow where new wave motions occur. The waves travel upward against gravity on free They occur only minimum accelerations and dimensionless energies, with large vibration amplitude.

We report on a lossless information engine that converts nearly all available from an error-free feedback protocol into mechanical work. Combining high-precision detection at resolution of 1 nm with ultrafast control, the is tuned to extract maximum work position Brownian particle. show produced by achieves bound set generalized second law thermodynamics, demonstrating for first time sharpness this bound. validate Jarzynski equality feedback-controlled engines.

We propose a theoretical model for quantum dot (QD)–lipid mixed system based on simple geometrical assumption single-component lipid (DOPC) monolayer deformation profile. In this system, there are two possible states: dot–liposome complex (QLC) state where QDs incorporated into the bilayer of liposome, and dot–micelle (QMC) an individual QD is covered by monolayer. model, elastic energy QLC smaller (larger) than that QMC size certain critical size. Therefore, more stable The prediction shown...

The manipulation of droplets with sizes on the millimetre scale and below has attracted considerable attention over past few decades for applications in microfluidics, biology, chemistry. In this paper, we report response an oil droplet floating aqueous solution to local laser heating. Depending power, distinct dynamic transitions shape motion are observed, namely, breathing, crawling, budding, splitting. We found that selection modes is determined by instabilities due interplay between...

The ability to create and manipulate the spatio-temporal potentials is essential in diverse fields of science technology. Here, we introduce an optical feedback trap system based on a high precision position detection ultrafast control Brownian particle tweezers generate virtual desired shape controlled manner. As application, study nonequilibrium fluctuation dynamics time-varying harmonic potential validate Crooks theorem highly condition.

A Brownian information engine can induce directed motion of a particle in single heat bath at constant temperature by extracting work from the about microscopic state particle, and serves as model for artificial biological submicron scale engines. Much experimental studies to date are limited realization an where initial system is thermal equilibrium; however, most motors operate far equilibrium. Here, we realize cyclic operating nonequilibrium steady consisting optical trap investigate...

Particles kicked by external forces to produce mobility distinct from thermal diffusion are an iconic feature of the active matter problem. Here, we map this onto a minimal model for experiment and theory covering wide time length scales usual systems. A particle diffusing in harmonic potential generated optical trap is programmed with correlation at random intervals following Poisson process. The model's generic simplicity allows us find conditions which displacements Gaussian (or not), how...

Abstract The cellular milieu is teeming with biochemical nano-machines whose activity a strong source of correlated non-thermal fluctuations termed active noise. Essential elements this circuitry are enzymes, catalysts that speed up the rate metabolic reactions by orders magnitude, thereby making life possible. Here, we examine possibility noise in cell, or vitro, affects enzymatic catalytic accelerating decelerating crossing energy barriers during reaction. Considering hydrodynamic...

We have investigated the size segregation of a binary mixture spherical glass particles in Couette geometry, where cylinders are made smooth and flow is generated by shearing motion inner cylinder. The trajectories 1, 2, 3 mm particles, placed at bottom cell, were followed as they moved through 1 medium. observe convective which rise outer radius fall radius. horizontal vertical speeds 2 initially cell bottom, function cylinder speed determined onset turbulent measured processing images....

We investigate the motion of a colloidal particle driven out equilibrium by time-varying stiffness optical trap that produces persistent nonequilibrium work. Measurements work production for repeated cycles composed compression and expansion processes potential show huge fluctuations due to thermal motion. Using precise technique modulate in time, we accurately estimate probability distributions produced processes. confirm fluctuation theorem from ratio two distributions. also average values...

Recent theoretical developments in information thermodynamics elucidated the link between acquired and entropy production through measurement feedback control by generalizing fluctuation theorems second law of thermodynamics. We summarize here our recent experimental studies based on colloidal system that have been conducted to test findings In particular, we present design principles error-free noisy engines consisting a particle an optical trap is capable performing nearly ultrafast...

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set fundamental bounds on the fluctuation and dissipation of stochastic systems. Here, we examine these bounds, in experiment theory, by exploring entire phase space a cyclic information engine operating nonequilibrium steady state. Close to its maximal efficiency, find that violates original TUR. This experimental demonstration TUR violation agrees with recently proposed softer bounds: The satisfies two generalized derived from detailed theorem...

The dynamic behavior of micron-sized polystyrene latex particles confined in a free-standing liquid film is experimentally studied. When the thickness less than particle diameter and varies depending on position, are accelerated toward thicker region. Using simple geometrical model hydrodynamic theory, we calculate capillary force particle. drag coefficient found to depend from value near zero Stokes' coefficient.

Through the thermochemical control of a liquid droplet on solid substrate, we investigated motion and underlying mechanism. Depending contact angle running substrate with chemical gradient coating, observed two different behaviors for under local laser heating: reversing larger than critical value (∼90°) passing smaller value. The at heating position was found to be closely related change, indicating that capillary flow plays an important role in thermally induced droplet.

Living cells are known to generate non-Gaussian active fluctuations significantly larger than thermal owing various processes. Understanding the effect of these on physicochemical processes, such as transport molecular motors, is a fundamental problem in nonequilibrium physics. Therefore, we experimentally and numerically study an Brownian ratchet comprising colloidal particle optically generated asymmetric periodic potential driven by noise having finite-amplitude bursts, each arriving at...