Thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3 ceramics, doped with different rare earth elements, were investigated in this work. It's found that the ionic radius doping elements plays an important role on thermoelectric properties: ceramics large ions (such as La, Nd, and Sm) exhibit power factors, those small Gd, Dy, Er, Y) low thermal conductivities. Therefore, a simple approach for enhancing performance is proposed: mainly to obtain factor and, simultaneously, slightly co-doped conductivity. Based...

The manipulation of cytokinin contents via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is an efficient tool for delaying leaf senescence and improving the resistance to environmental stresses. In present study, cotton transformants harbouring Agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene under control promoter Gossypium hirsutum cysteine proteinase (Ghcysp) were generated. PCR Southern blot analysis indicated that foreign DNA fragment was successfully integrated into genome....

The effect of island width on the multi-scale interactions between magnetic (MI) and ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence has been investigated based global gyrokinetic approach. It is found that coupling enhanced when MI (w) becomes larger. A vortex flow highly sensitive to can be triggered, ultimately resulting in a potent shear consequent reduction turbulent transport. shearing rate induced by minimum at O-point while it maximum both two reconnection points island, i.e., X-points,...

<title>Abstract</title> An analysis of the statistical spectral characteristics resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs), and their nonlinear coupling with ambient turbulence in edge region HL-2A tokamak has been performed. Experimental observations reveal that RMPs significantly affect low-frequency fluctuations large-scale turbulence. We present first direct evidence increasing RMP current weakens between GAMs other frequency modes. Specifically, amplitude...

view version 4.2.Six polymorphisms of the SNPs listed in National Center for Biotechnology Information database were detected these Chinese tuberculosis patients.It was found that both frequency 286A allele (odds ratio (OR) = 13.37;95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-238.3;P < 0.01) and 286AG genotype (OR 13.57;95%CI 0.76-242.5;P significantly higher patients than healthy controls.However, two other SNPs, C539T C558T, reported to be associated with populations, not this population.We conclude...

The influence of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the dynamics turbulence and flows at edge HL-2A tokamak is analyzed utilizing transfer entropy technique. results have shown that RMP damps poloidal as well E × B shearing rate, whereas enhances toroidal leads to a broadened particle spectrum with increased small scale transport. causality analysis indicates regulation impact flow turbulent fluctuations flux weakened, while rotation latter strengthened by field. changes in dominates...

Although the role of CD14 in mediating signals from Toll-like receptors to recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known, how polymorphisms this gene affect susceptibility develop are still not clear.We examined whether single nucleotide at positions -1145 and -159 promoter region associated with a Chinese Han population case-control study 432 patients 404 ethnically matched healthy controls.Genotyping was performed identify by PCR-DNA sequencing.Both frequency allele T C(-159)T polymorphism...

High harmonic fast waves (HHFW) are among the candidates for non-inductive current drive (CD), which is essential long-pulse or steady-state operation of tokamaks. Current driven with HHFW in EAST tokamak plasmas numerically studied. The CD efficiency found to increase non-monotonically wave frequency, and this phenomenon attributed multi-pass absorption HHFW. sensitivity value parallel refraction index launched confirmed. quasilinear effects, assessed as significant GENRAY/CQL3D package,...

The effects of the electron cyclotron current drive on magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas are studied using gyrokinetic simulations. By investigating different characteristics driven current, such as density distribution and deposition location, factors which can determine suppression effect resistive tearing modes have been explored. It is found that an wave (ECW) with a larger peak value more focused region has better stabilization effect. When ECW-driven closer to rational surface, it...

Investigation of helicon wave heating and current drive (CD) in toroidal plasma has been carried out with the ray-tracing code GENRAY. The trajectories, profiles power deposition driven-currents are presented. It is shown that increasing poloidal launch angle does not change absorption rate wave, but moves peak toward core. Wave frequencies range our interest (460 MHz ∼ 480 MHz) do wave. Under low parameter plasmas, we find both position magnitude dependent on launched parallel refractive...

Abstract This paper evaluates the feasibility of helicon current drive (HCD) in a hybrid scenario for China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). Utilizing GENRAY/CQL3D package, large number simulations (over 5000) were conducted, with parametric scans antenna’s poloidal position, launched parallel refractive index ( n || ), and wave frequency. The analysis reveals that has excellent accessibility under reactor-level conditions, smaller higher frequency result enhanced absorption....

The capabilities of current drive, neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) stabilization, and sawtooth control are analyzed for the electron–cyclotron wave (ECW) system in a HL-2M tokamak. Better performance upper launcher is demonstrated comparison with that dropped launcher, terms JEC/Jbs NTM stabilization IECCD/(Δρtor)2 control. 1-MW ECW power enough 3/2 1.8-MW required to suppress 2/1 single null divertor equilibrium 1.2-MA toroidal launcher. Optimization simulation drive (ECCD) carried out...

The electron cyclotron wave (ECW) current drive (CD) for the HL-2A tokamak is investigated numerically with a new ray-tracing and Fokker-Planck code. code benchmarked other well-tested linear quasilinear codes then used to study on tokamak. propagation, power deposition, driven-current profiles are presented. effect of trapping also assessed. It found that effects negligible at present ECW levels when both waves injected an angle 20° plasma equatorial plane, CD efficiency saturates ∼0.029 ×...

Stabilization of a model magnetic island in tokamaks by localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) has been studied using fluid-kinetic hybrid coupled with ray tracing and Fokker−Planck equations. Even though gyrokinetic toroidal code at present is not able to simulate the long-time evolution tearing modes, which starts from small perturbation evolves Rutherford regime, we can still calculate its stabilization ECCD. Gyrokinetic simulations find that be fully stabilized ECCD 1 MW 68...

The characteristics of ion-scale turbulence in the presence a magnetic island are numerically investigated using gyrokinetic model fusion plasma. We observe that absence usual ion temperature gradient (ITG) drive gradient, and its flatten effect could ITG instability. (MI) not only drives high-n modes instability but also induces low-n vortex flow. Moreover, as width increases, flow increases. This implies wider islands may more easily induce flows. study further indicates saturated...

Interactions between energetic particles (EPs) and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) islands in the DIII-D tokamak are studied using global gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC). GTC simulations find that EP radial profile is partially flattened within magnetic island regions there stochastic particle phase space. Radial flux induced mainly around decreases with time to almost zero when initial distribution achieves a new steady-state absence of sources. Stochastic field lines by superposition...

The collisionless trapped electron modes in the short wavelength region k⊥ρs&amp;gt;1 (SWTEMs) are studied with gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation tokamak plasmas. Here, we present a systematic study of correlation between SWTEMs and ion temperature gradient (SWITG) modes. kθρs spectra TEM have double humps long regions, respectively. SWITG effects taking into account broader spectra. Dependences growth rate real frequency on various parameters, such as (ηi), electrons (ηe), toroidicity...

Abstract Direct causality analysis of the multi-scale interactions among macro-scale tearing mode (TM), meso-scale geodesic acoustic (GAM) and small-scale turbulence in edge plasma HL-2A tokamak utilizing transfer entropy (TE) method is reported. Experimental results have demonstrated that ( m / n ) = (2/1) (with being poloidal toroidal numbers, respectively) TM modulates with frequency range f 50–150 kHz GAM mainly higher frequencies. The has both amplitude phase modulation on energy while...

We construct a novel nested linear cavity configuration to generate supercontinuum (SC) under continuous-wave pump. With this structure, stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave mixing can affect the whole region of SC spectrum while pump line is removed outside continuum, symmetrical be obtained. The properties structure are demonstrated by using 3.5-km single-mode fiber, an centered at 1315 nm with bandwith 102 output power 1.3 W achieved. By tuning feedback fiber Bragg grating, we easily...

Myeloid differentiation-2 (MD-2) is an essential component of the CD14-TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex involved in microbial cell wall recognition during infection.Genetic variations MD-2 gene may influence human susceptibility to infectious diseases.To date, a predisposition variants contract tuberculosis has not been reported.We investigated whether polymorphisms were associated with development Chinese population.The six common (rs11465996, rs1809442, rs1809441, rs1809440, rs16938754, and...

Abstract This article reports the observation of high-density front at high field side (HFS) region in limiter J-TEXT tokamak. In density discharges, HFS scrape-off layer (SOL) has been clearly identified by far-infrared laser polarimeter-interferometer. The forms SOL when plasma reaches a critical value, it can be up to seven times higher than low and stays stable as long remains. this phase, local radiation is level shares common characteristics with high-field-side (HFSHD) phenomena...

Abstract Gyrokinetic simulations of electrostatic micro-turbulence have been carried out for transport barriers (TBs) in tokamak plasmas. It is found that the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode dominant pedestal with medium density and steep gradient. The width shrinks increase ratio gradients, which good agreement analytic theory. Unstable herringbone-like structure excited simulation annulus. results also indicate multiple ITG modes are induced by a high Radial electric field shear...