The increasing demand for lithium in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications necessitates innovative recycling strategies. Combined pyrometallurgical–hydrometallurgical has gained increased attention recovery from slags. One challenge the technological advancement of spent LIBs with lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide cathodes (NMC), characterized by a Li–Al–Si–Ca–Mn–O slag system, lies distribution across multiple silicate and oxide phases. Hence, goal this work is to significantly enrich...

Engineered artificial minerals (EnAMs) are the core of a new concept designing scavenger compounds for recovery critical elements from slags. It requires fundamental understanding solidification complex oxide melts. Ion diffusivity and viscosity play vital roles in this process. In melt, phase separations ion transport give rise to gradients/increments composition and, with it, diffusivity, temperature, viscosity. Due complexity, phenomena yet not well understood. If melt is understood as...

The recovery of critical elements in recycling processes complex high-tech products is often limited when applying only mechanical separation methods. A possible route the pyrometallurgical processing that allows transferring important into an alloy melt. Chemical rather ignoble will report slag or dust. Valuable such as lithium should be recovered out material stream. novel approach to accomplish this enrichment engineered artificial minerals (EnAM). An application with a high potential for...

The increased usage of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) requires innovative recycling processes, allowing recovering Li with a high efficiency. Different research groups have developed several technologies in the past. One promising technology is pyrometallurgical combined hydrometallurgical process route. To increase efficiency this technology, it relevance to artificially engineer lithium-containing phases by tailoring slag solidification parameters and composition. significant challenge thereby...

Abstract Efficient recycling of lithium metasilicate (Li 2 SiO 3 ) from lithium-containing slag via a pyrometallurgical route demands comprehensive understanding its solidification process in the reactor. A simulation framework is developed to predict heterogeneous phase distribution Li , temperature and velocity fields considering density changes solidifying melt, on apparatus scale. This integrates thermodynamic models calculation diagrams with enthalpy-porosity technique volume fluid...

Abstract The Li-Mn-O system is a crucial constituent of cathode materials used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Numerous research teams have focused on enhancing its electrochemical properties and thermal stability at lower temperatures to develop high-performance materials. However, the recycling LIBs pyrometallurgical processing, high temperature phase behavior important. Today, there still lack systematic understanding regarding high-temperature under well-defined atmospheric conditions,...

The understanding of solid-state reactions and interphase formation at elevated temperatures also under non-isothermal conditions, e.g., the magnesium aluminate spinel periclase corundum contact system is high interest. In this work, a computational framework which allows simulation interlayer conditions developed. Therefore, Gibbs energies CALPHAD database have been directly coupled with kinetic evolution equations derived from thermodynamic extremal principle, itself extended in work for...

During liquid–solid transformation, bulk mass and thermal diffusion, along with the evolved interfacial latent heat, work in tandem to generate thermodynamic kinetic forces, interplay of which decides solidification velocity consequently solidified phase attributes. Hence, access interface dynamics information dependence transfer processes is pivotal tailor desired quantity solid phases unique compositions. It finds particular application for engineering concentrated Lithium (Li) out Li-ion...

Chain architecture and degree of crystallinity polymers strongly influence the solid–liquid equilibrium binary polymer solvent systems. Especially, for explaining principle common separation techniques a fair prediction equilibria systems is crucial importance. Herein, based on framework lattice cluster theory, theory developed considering additional configurational entropy contributions due to semicrystalline nature molecular polymers. For calculating an analytical equation derived. Model...

This study investigates the effect of macromolecular architecture poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on its thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) behavior and polymorphic crystallization in PVDF/γ-butyrolactone (PVDF/γ-BL) system. Preparative PVDF fractions with specific constitution are generated. The results show that PVDF's architecture, particularly degree branching regio-defects, plays a significant role temperature-dependent resulting phases. While regio-defects dominate temperature...

In this work, an old theory for the melting of linear, semi-crystalline polymers, developed by Flory in 1949, is rediscovered and extended to branched polymers. The extension realised incorporation lattice cluster theory, which able model polymers with arbitrary architecture. final working equation describing a polymer can be solved temperature analytically. This new permits theoretical investigation different impact factors on case polymer, instance influence molecular weight structural...

Outstanding electroactive properties of certain crystallographic phases poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) bring much attention to its melting and crystallisation behaviour for tailoring nature. In the past, focus was put on operating conditions in terms kinetics, whereas a deeper understanding molecular structure–property relationship PVDF is sparsely addressed. This study first survey investigate systematically by clarifying question, how weight distribution affects thermal–caloric hence...

Polymers play an essential role in drug formulation and production of medical devices, implants, diagnostics. Following discovery, appropriate is selected to enable delivery. This task can be exceedingly challenging owing the large number potential delivery methods process variables that interact complex ways. evolving solubility challenge has inspired increasing emphasis on developability candidates early discovery as well various advanced solubilization strategies. Among latter, approaches...

Unidirectional tape-placement technologies appeared as a promising alternative due to their potential in large-scale component production. While the optimization strategies used define tape lay-out can be of different nature, utilization tape-to-tape joints is inevitable. Whereas several studies have focussed efforts on process and design stages, no study has yet addressed influence manufacturing mechanics unidirectional joints. In this study, strength single-lap-joint assemblies carbon...