A5087089423- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Plant and animal studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Fern and Epiphyte Biology
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology
- Forest ecology and management
- Data Analysis with R
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Forest Management and Policy
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
University of Birmingham
2022-2025
University of Würzburg
2016-2025
Royal University of Bhutan
2023
Technical University of Munich
2023
Technische Universität Dresden
2023
University of Göttingen
2012-2021
Ecological Society of America
2020
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
2016-2020
John Wiley & Sons (United States)
2020
Fischer (Germany)
2019
Abstract Within the field of species distribution modelling an apparent dichotomy exists between process‐based and correlative approaches, where processes are explicit in former implicit latter. However, these intuitive distinctions can become blurred when comparing approaches more detail. In this review article, we contrast extremes correlative–process spectrum models with respect to core assumptions, model building selection strategies, validation, uncertainties, common errors questions...
Ecologists carry a well-stocked toolbox with great variety of sampling methods, statistical analyses and modelling tools, new methods are constantly appearing. Evaluation optimisation these is crucial to guide methodological choices. Simulating error-free data or taking high-quality qualify common practice. Here, we emphasise the methodology 'virtual ecologist' (VE) approach where simulated observer models used mimic real species how they 'virtually' observed. This virtual then subjected...
Abstract Range dynamics causes mismatches between a species’ geographical distribution and the set of suitable environments in which population growth is positive (the Hutchinsonian niche). This because source–sink cause species to occupy unsuitable environments, environmental change creates non‐equilibrium situations may be absent from (due migration limitation) or present that were previously time‐delayed extinction). Because correlative models do not account for these processes, they are...
Abstract Climate change and other anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity are unequally distributed across the world. Overlap in distributions different have important implications for attribution potential interactive effects. However, spatial relationships among whether they differ between terrestrial marine realm has yet to be examined. We compiled global gridded datasets on climate change, land‐use, resource exploitation, pollution, alien species human population density. used multivariate...
Humans have elevated global extinction rates and thus lowered scale species richness. However, there is no a priori reason to expect that losses of richness should always, or even often, trickle down at regional local scales, though this relationship often assumed. Here, we show can modulate our estimates change through time in the face anthropogenic pressures, but not unidirectional way. Instead, magnitude increase, decrease, reverse, be unimodal across spatial scales. Using several case...
Increasing biodiversity loss due to climate change is one of the most vital challenges 21st century. To anticipate and mitigate loss, models are needed that reliably project species' range dynamics extinction risks. Recently, several new approaches model have been developed supplement correlative species distribution (SDMs), but applications clearly lag behind development. Indeed, no comparative analysis has performed evaluate their performance. Here, we build on process-based, simulated...
Abstract Stochasticity is a core component of ecology, as it underlies key processes that structure and create variability in nature. Despite its fundamental importance ecological systems, the concept often treated synonymous with unpredictability community studies tend to focus on single forms stochasticity rather than taking more holistic view. This has led multiple narratives for how mediates dynamics. Here, we present framework describes different (notably demographic environmental...
Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such and investigating long‐term consequences perturbations has proven challenging, because are not isolated occur across various spatial temporal scales, from local habitat losses global warming. Additionally, the relative importance eco‐evolutionary processes varies levels ecological organization, i.e. individuals, (meta)populations (meta)communities, respond...
Summary Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought‐induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and resistance known, there no direct, mechanistic explanation for traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones. We used data from 20 temperate broad‐leaved species study inter‐ intraspecific of water potential at 50% loss conductivity ( P 50 ) with hydraulically weighted...
Self-organized spatial patterns are a common feature of complex systems, ranging from microbial communities to mussel beds and drylands. While the theoretical implications these for ecosystem-level processes, such as functioning resilience, have been extensively studied, empirical evidence remains scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed global drylands along an aridity gradient using remote sensing, field data, modeling. We found that structure vegetation strengthens increases, which is...
Macroecology and biogeography are concerned with understanding biodiversity patterns across space time. In the past, two disciplines have addressed this question mainly correlative approaches, despite frequent calls for more mechanistic explanations. Recent advances in computational power, theoretical understanding, statistical tools are, however, currently facilitating development of system‐oriented, models. We review these models, identify different model types frameworks, compare their...
Abstract Recent years have seen an exponential increase in the amount of data available all sciences and application domains. Macroecology is part this “Big Data” trend, with a strong rise volume that we are using for our research. Here, summarize most recent developments macroecology age Big Data were presented at 2018 annual meeting Specialist Group Ecological Society Germany, Austria Switzerland (GfÖ). Supported by computational advances, has been rapidly developing field over years. Our...
Abstract The research of a generation ecologists was catalysed by the recognition that number and identity species in communities influences functioning ecosystems. relationship between biodiversity ecosystem ( BEF ) is most often examined controlling richness randomising community composition. In natural systems, changes are part bigger assembly dynamic. Therefore, focusing on ecosystems CAFE ), integrating both composition through gains, losses abundance, will better reveal how affect...
Summary Analysing functional traits along environmental gradients can improve our understanding of the mechanisms structuring plant communities. Within forests, vertical in light intensity, temperature and humidity are often pronounced. Vascular epiphytes particularly suitable for studying influence these on because they lack contact with soil thus individual plants entirely exposed to different conditions, from dark humid understorey sunny dry outer canopy. In this study, we analysed...
Despite a long-standing debate about the utility of species-centered conservation approaches (Roberge & Angelstam 2004), surrogate species remain popular because they provide useful—or even necessary—shortcuts for successful programs (Caro 2010). Flagship species, prime example surrogate, are primarily intended to promote public awareness and raise funds (Veríssimo et al. 2011). In contrast, protection umbrella is expected benefit wide range co-occurring 2004; Caro Accordingly, main criteria...
Understanding the origins of biodiversity has been an aspiration since days early naturalists. The immense complexity ecological, evolutionary, and spatial processes, however, made this goal elusive to day. Computer models serve progress in many scientific fields, but fields macroecology macroevolution, eco-evolutionary are comparatively less developed. We present a general, spatially explicit, engine with modular implementation that enables modeling multiple macroecological...
Abstract Aim To provide a mechanistic and probabilistic framework for defining the species pool based on species‐specific probabilities of dispersal, environmental suitability biotic interactions within specific temporal extent, to show how pools can help disentangle geographical structure different community assembly processes. Innovation Probabilistic an improved definition in conjunction with associated list, which explicitly recognize indeterminate nature membership given focal unit...
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of Earth's most iconic biodiversity patterns and still the debated. Explanations for LDG are often categorized into three broad pathways in which created by (1) differential diversification rates, (2) carrying capacities (ecological limits), or (3) time to accumulate species across latitude. Support these has, however, been mostly verbally expressed. Here, we present a minimal model clarify essential assumptions explore sensitivity dynamics...
ABSTRACT Aims To better understand how demographic processes shape the range dynamics of woody plants (in this case, Proteaceae), we introduce a likelihood framework for fitting process‐based models to spatial abundance data. Location The fire‐prone Fynbos biome (Cape Floristic Region, South Africa). Methods Our have spatially explicit submodel (describing dispersal, reproduction, mortality and local extinction) as well an observation imperfect detection individuals), are constrained by...
Island biogeographic studies traditionally treat single islands as units of analysis. This ignores the fact that most are spatially nested within archipelagos. Here, we took a fundamentally different approach and focused on entire archipelagos using species richness vascular plants 23 worldwide their 174 constituent islands. We assessed differential effects factors (area, isolation, age, elevation), current past climate (temperature, precipitation, seasonality, change velocity)...