The paper reviews the current status and designs of all-optical gates. Various schemes with without semiconductor optical amplifiers are discussed compared. gates classified according to their design structures. It is divided into two major divisions that is, nonsemiconductor amplifier based In gates, different have been proposed create non-linearity which discussed. structures show probe pulse modulated in ways obtain results.

Increasing communication traffic and plans to increase various services may cause a serious problem towards the power consumption of network equipment. One causes large in present is multiplexing scheme, such as wavelength division (WDM) electrical routing packet signals. WDM requires O/E (optical electrical) E/O (electrical optical) signal conversion circuits with same number that wavelength, resulting an consumption. In addition this processing for IP packet, routing, switching at router...

The capacity of optical communication systems is rising exponentially in order to follow the rapidly increasing demand for data traffic. Limitations due dispersion and nonlinearities fiber become more stringent higher bit rates. To meet growing long haul system improve transmission quality by minimizing signal degradation comparison different modulation formats i.e NRZ RZ with compensation techniques pre, post symmetric onto link 32 × 10 Gb/s done.

A novel approach for all-optical digital encoder both binary-to-gray code and gray-to-binary have been proposed. Design is based on the basic concept of using exclusive OR (XOR) addition. The XOR gate used in these encoders has implemented differential phase modulation between two arms Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which a semiconductor optical amplifier placed symmetrically MZI. For most severely degraded output bit, i.e., least significant bit encoder, extinction ratio obtained 2.35...

In this paper the authors propose design of all optical NAND gate using semiconductor amplifier in two different configurations: one SOA with filter for selecting only ultra fast component and another SOA-MZI configuration to cancel out slow response SOA. Time domain as well power level analysis have been performed both schemes. Results these designs are compared on basis bit rate permissible, extinction ratio, efficiency penalty.

In this paper, All Optical Half Adder design based on nonlinear characteristics of Semiconductor Amplifier (SOA) is proposed. Sum output adder implemented using SOA-MZI configuration and carry SOA assisted by filtering. To make both the gates compatible for logic levels, an EDFA with suitable parameters included at end AND gate i.e. carry. Truth table verified basis O/P power as well time domain analysis. Bit error rate quality factor have been calculated different bit rates. Satisfactory...

The study of advanced modulation formats for high speed internet services using potentially the bandwidth single mode embedded fiber is very important. Basically, use RZ format considered in order to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused mainly by effects such as Chromatic Dispersion (CD), Polarization Mode (PMD) and Nonlinear effects. comparative analysis among NRZ carried out means obtaining different spectrums.

While managing cases of trauma, the main goal is to effectively manage pain while promptly restoring function, appearance and phonetics. Even though all injuries require some sort rapid care management, tooth avulsion, a unique type injury where prognosis related amount time that passes between avulsed when it replanted. Excellent achieved with immediate transplantation tooth, albeit this may not always be feasible. if delayed, replantation still remains better option for management instead...

Nanotechnology has its wide applications in different fields of health, energy, electronics, environment, space exploration and transportation.Green means the use plant products green nanotechnology is branch that utilizes concept chemistry engineering.It reduces energy fuel by using renewable inputs develops clean technologies order to minimize health environmental risks.These products, processes save materials, water thus contributing environment.Apart from development solar cells,...