Abstract Resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene), a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, fruits, and root extracts of the weed Polygonum cuspidatum, exhibits anti-inflammatory, cell growth-modulatory, anticarcinogenic effects. How this chemical produces these effects is not known, but it may work by suppressing NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor that regulates expression various genes involved inflammation, cytoprotection, carcinogenesis. In study, we investigated effect...

Carbon nanotubes are now becoming an important material for use in day to life because of their unique physical properties. The toxicological impact these materials has not yet been studied detail, thereby limiting use. In the present study, toxicity single-walled carbon (SWCNT) was assessed human keratinocyte cells. results show increased oxidative stress and inhibition cell proliferation response treatment keratinocytes with SWCNT particles. addition, signaling mechanism upon exposure...

Abstract Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. How silymarin produces these effects not understood, but it may involve suppression of NF-κB, nuclear transcription factor, which regulates the expression various genes involved in inflammation, cytoprotection, carcinogenesis. In this report, we investigated effect on NF-κB activation induced by inflammatory agents. blocked...

Abstract α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a tridecapeptide found mainly in the brain, pituitary, and circulation. It inhibits most forms of inflammation by mechanism that not known. As types require activation NF-κB, we investigated effect α-MSH on this transcription factor wide variety inflammatory stimuli. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed completely abolished TNF-mediated NF-κB dose- time-dependent manner. also suppressed induced LPS, okadaic acid, ceramide. The was...

Abstract Leflunomide is a pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor that has recently been approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the mechanism leflunomide’s antiarthritis activity and not fully understood. The critical role TNF plays in arthritis led us to postulate leflunomide blocks signaling. Previously, we have demonstrated inhibits TNF-induced NF-κB activation by suppressing I-κBα (inhibitory subunit NF-κB) degradation. We this study show also reporter gene expression induced...

Abstract Leflunomide is a novel immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory agent currently being tested for treatment of autoimmune diseases transplant rejection. NF-κB transcription factor activated in response to wide variety inflammatory stimuli, including TNF, but whether leflunomide blocks activation not known. In the present report we demonstrate that human T cell line (Jurkat) with TNF-mediated dose- time-dependent manner, maximum inhibition at 5–10 μM. Inhibition was restricted...

ABSTRACT The putative core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) regulates cellular growth and a number promoters. To further understand its effect, we investigated the role in endogenous regulation two distinct transcription factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activating protein-1 (AP-1), related mitogen-activated kinase (MAPKK) c-Jun N-terminal (JNK). Stable cell transfectants expressing HCV suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF-κB activation. Supershift analysis revealed that...

Considering the potential role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, we investigated molecular mechanism involved IL-8-mediated signaling. In this report provide evidence that like TNF, an inducer NF-κB also a NF-κB-dependent gene product, IL-8 induces unique pathway. activation dose-dependent manner different cell types as detected by DNA-protein binding assay. reporter expression well ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Cox-2 expression. IκBα phosphorylation...

Morin is a flavone that exhibits antiproliferative, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects through mechanism not well understood. Because of the role transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in control cell survival, proliferation, tumorigenesis, inflammation, we postulated morin mediates its by modulating NF-kappaB activation.We investigated effect on pathway activated inflammatory agents, carcinogens, tumor promoters. The this expression NF-kappaB-regulated gene products...

Mangiferin, a natural polyphenol is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. However the molecular mechanism underlying these effects has not been well characterized. Because NF-kappaB plays an important role in processes, it possible that mangiferin modulates activation. Our results show blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced activation NF-kappaB-dependent genes like ICAM1 COX2. The effect was mediated through inhibition of IKK subsequent blocking...

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat (HIV-tat) protein, like other proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNF), activates a wide variety of cellular responses, some which play critical role in progression HIV infection. Whether HIV-tat, TNF, also c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 is not known. We show that treatment human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells with HIV-tat causes activation JNK AP-1 time- dose-dependent manner. Transfection T...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Nef protein plays a critical role in AIDS pathogenesis by enhancing replication and survival of the within infected cells facilitating its spread <i>in vivo</i>. Most data obtained so far have been experiments with endogenous protein, overlooking effects exogenous soluble protein. We used recombinant proteins to activate nuclear transcription factors NF-κB AP-1 promonocytic cell line U937. Exogenous SIV HIV-1 activated dose- time-dependent manner....

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons is one the major features Parkinson's disease. Many redox-active metals such as iron and manganese have been implicated in neuronal degeneration characterized by symptoms resembling Even though, arsenic, which another metal, has shown to affect central monoaminergic systems, but its potential causing cell not fully known. Hence, present study was designed investigate arsenic signaling especially that mediated reactive oxygen species effect on early...

Background Several children with autism show regression in language and social development while maintaining normal motor milestones. A clear period of followed by subsequent improvement treatment, suggests a multifactorial etiology. The role inflammation is now major area study. Viral bacterial infections, hypoxia, or medication could affect both foetus infant. These stressors upregulate transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), master switch for many genes including some...