The development of radar systems operating at G-band (110 - 300 GHz) with small size, weight, and power requirements can offer new possibilities for probing clouds precipitation from space lead to novel mission concepts. To advance the technology needed achieve such objective, a ground-based Doppler prototype atmospheric profiling has been developed demonstrated different targets. This article describes architecture discusses instrument calibration reflectivity velocity measurements precipitation.

Abstract The global precipitation measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite to obtain accurate observations of on a scale every 3 h. Its core was launched 27 February 2014 with two science instruments: the microwave imager and dual‐frequency radar. Ground validation integral part GPM where instruments are deployed complement correlate spacecraft instruments. dual‐frequency, dual‐polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) critical ground instrument that developed for program. This paper...

Vertical profiles of vertical air motion and raindrop size distributions (DSDs) within stratiform rain are estimated using two collocated vertically pointing radars (VPRs) operating at 3 35 GHz. Different backscattering cross sections occur GHz with Rayleigh scattering occurring for all raindrops Mie larger This frequency-dependent section causes differently shaped reflectivity-weighted Doppler velocity spectra leading to radar transmit moments intrinsic reflectivity factor, mean velocity,...

The optimal design of pulse compression waveform/filter pairs for use with near-nadir spaceborne radar in low earth orbit the observation clouds and precipitation is discussed. An optimization technique introduced that considers performance metrics specific to remote sensing from such platforms. Specifically, sensitivity maximized as close ground required. near surface typically limited by range sidelobes surface's echo. Optimization pair's facilitated a time-domain scattering model simulate...

The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) is an important ground validation tool for the global precipitation measurement (GPM) missions dual-frequency (DPR). In this work, we start with hardware modifications done to accomplish upgrade, although focus not much on modifications. Overall system architecture presented. more sensitivity and spatial resolution. Also, performance of pulse compression waveforms presented compared simulated results. Various trade-offs are...

Abstract. The Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE) was a year-round campaign conducted by the US Department of Energy at Scripps Institution Oceanography in La Jolla, CA, USA, with focus on characterizing atmospheric processes coastal location. ground-based prototype new Ka-, W-, and G-band (35.75, 94.88, 238.8 GHz) profiling radar, named CloudCube, which developed Jet Propulsion Laboratory, took part experiment during 6 weeks March April 2023. This article...

Abstract The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization Doppler radar (D3R) was deployed as part of the GPM Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) ground validation field campaign from 1 May through 15 June 2013. D3R participated in a multi-instrument targeted investigation convective initiation and hydrological response midwestern United States. An overview D3R’s calibration observations is presented. A method for attenuation correction Ka-band using Ku-band results introduced. Dual-frequency ratio...

The innovations in high-performance, low-power electronics and low-cost space access are unlocking affordable distributed radar systems new remote sensing opportunities. Distributed Element Beamformer Radar for Ice Subsurface sounding (DEBRIS) is a concept to implement 2D sparse aperture improve the radar's spatial resolution investigation depth through reduction of surface clutter. Here, we introduce this system highlight its applications, orbital configurations, implementation...

Groundwater provides roughly 43% of the water used globally for irrigated agriculture. Understanding, predicting, and managing environmental processes that define natural capital Earth's changing groundwater is one most pressing societal challenges 21st century. To understand influence dynamics in vadose zone on terrestrial ecosystems, to estimate future sustainability resources, a regional eventually global assessment table depth required. enable observations hydrologic systems' dynamics,...

Abstract This article illustrates how multifrequency radar observations can refine the mass–size parameterization of frozen hydrometeors in scattering models and improve correlation between situ measurements microphysical properties ice snow. The data presented this were collected during GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx) (2012) Olympic Mountain (OLYMPEx) (2015) field campaigns, where true relationship was not measured. Starting from size shape distributions particles measured...

Pulse compression has enabled a new generation of low-cost and compact spaceborne weather radar systems. To successfully utilize pulse techniques for cloud precipitation applications, the effects Doppler-range migration must be considered during design operation radar. applications introduces additional interdependence between system operations when compared with traditional pulsed systems, primarily as result large platform velocities. signals can simulated high fidelity to predict optimize...

A method for improving the dynamic range of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar systems is presented. Bright echo signals detected with FMCW radars can carry strong phase noise sidelobes, especially at W-band and higher frequencies where extremely quiet local oscillators do not exist or are practical. These sidelobes hide targets that would otherwise be detectable by radar. Owing to mathematical symmetry respect a dominant carrier tone, on negative-frequency side bright used in...

The ongoing Distributed Aperture Radar Tomographic Sensors (DARTS) project at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory aims to mature and demonstrate multi-static SAR measurements for fine-scale 3D imaging of surface topography, vegetation, deformation change. explores the use drones as platforms integrates software-defined radar on RF system-on-chip compact flexible instruments. This paper highlights progress in DARTS hardware development, experiments, data processing. recent experiments have...

Unwanted radar echoes, colloquially referred to as “clutter,” impede the mission effectiveness of systems. Depending on radar's application, clutter examples can include weather, buildings, vegetation, and more. Techniques mitigate improve performance systems are continuously being developed refined. In this paper, wind turbines used for commercial power generation, which present a Doppler velocity signature that is time-varying, considered source clutter. A turbine mitigation technique...

In order to investigate how well observations from precipitation-monitoring satellites match up the best estimate of true precipitation measured at ground level and use collected data evaluate models that describe predict hydrology, Integrated Precipitation Hydrology Experiment (IPHEx) was conducted in southern Appalachian Mountains eastern United States May 1 June 15, 2014. The NASA dual-frequency dual-polarization Doppler radar (D3R), co-located with NPOL radar, deployed as part IPHEx...

The demand for renewable power production has fostered an exponential increase in the size and number of wind turbines. This expanding source generation is sometimes at odds with maintaining effective operation radar systems air traffic control, defense, weather prediction, severe-storm-tracking applications. With recent upgrade NEXRAD system to enable dual-polarization observations, a characterization effort turbines warranted. Focusing on applications, ground clutter, precipitation,...

The NASA D3R was successfully deployed and operated throughout the OLYMPEx field campaign. A differential phase based attenuation correction technique has been implemented for observations. Hydrometeor classification demonstrated five distinct classes using Ku-band observations of both convection stratiform rain. rain hydrometeor is compared against LDR shows good agreement in identification mixed-phase hydrometeors melting layer.

Distributed Aperture Radar Tomographic Sensors (DARTS) is a mission concept being studied at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in collaboration with California Institute of Technology to enable global and repeated imaging surface topography three-dimensional vegetation structure using single-pass tomographic SAR technique. The observing system consists distributed formation multiple small synthetic aperture radar platforms deployed space variable distances achieve look angle diversity...

The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) [1] was conceived and developed to support ground validation (GV) operations of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [2]. D3R operates in same frequencies bands, Ku- Ka-band, as GPM's dual-frequency precipitation enabling direct comparisons microphysical observations precipitation. is shown Figure 1. To GPM GV mission, substantively participated four field campaigns North America with diverse geographic features...

The NASA dual-frequency, dual-polarization, Doppler radar (D3R) [1] was conceived and developed to support ground validation (GV) operations of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission [2]. D3R operates in same frequencies bands, Ku- Ka-band, as GPM's dual-frequency precipitation enabling direct comparisons microphysical observations precipitation. To GPM GV mission, substantively participated four field campaigns North America with diverse geographic features covering both winter...

Spacecraft formation flying is an anticipated critical technology, needed to enhance near-Earth and interplanetary astrophysics science missions. Enabling a set of distributed spacecraft corporate together, collectively fulfilling objective, has proven have several benefits over conventional large single spacecraft. Mission cost risk are reduced, while the retrieval scientific data increased. The key strategic goal our work develop active passive radar remote sensing applications based on...

Linear depolarization ratio (LDR) is often difficult to measure in low and moderate signal-to-noise conditions because the cross-polar echo power typically two three orders of magnitude weaker than copolar power. For radars operating at attenuating frequencies such as X-, Ku-, Ka-bands, differential attenuation must be accounted for accurately estimate LDR. A method robust estimation LDR introduced evaluated that addresses both these issues. In practice, "enhanced" offers over current...

Wind turbine observations and characterization efforts have treated the wind as a noncooperative target. Similarly, suppression of turbine’s radar signature has been considered without aid state information from under observation. In this paper, X-band utility-scale turbine, with detailed telemetry, are investigated. From scattering theory, physical structure deterministic cross section for given observation geometry. Using variation in is over range operating states. The nature demonstrated...

We present the W-band channel breadboard and first-light measurements of a new atmospheric profiling radar, called CloudCube. CloudCube is intended to be multifrequency, ultra-compact, low-cost, modularized radar for vertical clouds, convection precipitation structures dynamics from space. The instrument uses architecture, where baseband signal directly upconverted RF band without any addition intermediate frequencies or further multiplication scheme. This combined with pulse compression...