Recent discussions of deposit formation and disturbance in archaeology ignore the possible perturbation artifact distribution by children's play. Experimental data indicate some results such activity, suggest that it should be borne mind when reconstructing behavior patterns based on depositional history.

A clinical and radiographic study was carried out on 2016 randomly selected Atlantic salmon parr from six farms, which weighed between 55 100 g. In addition, 86 fish marine farms were similarly studied. Radiographically detectable vertebral lesions found in 3.8-8.8% of the parr. The changes ranged a single vertebra showing features, such as demineralization, increased density slight loss structure, to with multiple vertebrae affected by collapse, fusion change intervertebral space that could...

To describe computed tomographic (CT) features of canine elbows with incomplete ossification the humeral condyle (IOHC) and investigate co-existing incongruence in elbow joint.Case control study.Dogs IOHC (n=20; 38 elbows) 25 normal elbows.Elbows were assessed by CT. Standardized dorsal sagittal reconstructions created at 3 levels using image analysis software to obtain single measurements humero-radial humero-ulnar joint spaces. On plane reconstructions, space obtained center point...

Summary Reasons for performing study : Plain radiography is the standard imaging technique investigation of diseases associated with articular process joints (APJ) caudal neck; however, radiographic anatomy these structures on both lateral and oblique projections has not previously been described in detail. Objectives To determine optimal obtaining radiographs APJ cervical vertebrae (C4‐5, C5‐6 C6‐7) to provide a detailed description their normal appearance, projections. Methods Radiopaque...

O bjectives : To assess the accuracy of reconstructed computed tomography for imaging canine elbow joint spaces. M ethods Computed scans eight cadaveric elbows were obtained and images formatted in dorsal sagittal planes. Humeroradial humeroulnar space measurements from these images. Intra‐observer inter‐observer variations assessed, as was effect specimen positioning (inter‐image variation). After freezing, four sectioned plane plane. In addition to visual comparison frozen sections with...

Background Sagittal ratio values ( SRV s) of cervical vertebrae are used for ante‐mortem diagnosis vertebral stenotic myelopathy, but intraobserver and interobserver variability in measurement may influence radiographic interpretation stenosis horses with neurological disease. Objectives To determine repeatability s, intra‐ agreement s whether or not was influenced by animal age. Animals Forty‐two (>1 year old) disease from which laterolateral computed images C2–C7 were obtained. Methods...

O bjectives : To compare radiography and ultrasound for the assessment of tympanic bulla against computed tomography results. M ethods Thirty‐one dogs had dorsoventral, left right lateral oblique rostrocaudal open mouth radiographs compared with images scans bullae. R esults Radiography was superior to ultrasonography evaluation middle ear. However, best predicted by a combination radiographic ultrasonographic findings. C linical S ignificance A can provide more accurate than either them...

Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology resulting in progressive fibrosis, with a known predilection West Highland white terriers. In humans, computed tomography (CT) standard method for providing diagnostic and prognostic information, plays major role the idiopathic staging process. Objectives this retrospective, analytical, cross‐sectional study were to establish descriptive criteria reporting CT findings test correlations among CT,...

Tracheal diameter can be assessed from a thoracic radiograph, with assessment of tracheal in dogs based on ratios between and skeletal measurement. Reference intervals are not, however, available for the cat. narrowing may cause significant clinical problems, although hypoplasia clinically silent, is rarely reported cats (both mesati- brachycephalic). The trachea:thoracic inlet trachea:rib were calculated populations domestic shorthair (DSH) (n = 68) Persian 40) cats. This gave reference...

ABSTRACT Canine cholelithiasis is considered to be an uncommon condition and frequently cited as being incidental finding. However, there a paucity of contemporary literature support these assertions. The aim this retrospective cross-sectional study was report the prevalence, clinical presentation, long-term follow-up in dogs. electronic database at Small Animal Hospital, University Glasgow searched identify dogs that were diagnosed with on ultrasound between 2010 2018. Sixty-eight...

Trochlear notch sclerosis (TNS) as assessed by radiography has been shown to be increased in elbow dysplasia (ED) associated medial coronoid process disease (MCD). The aims of this study were investigate whether two defined radiographic tests evaluating TNS would increase the sensitivity detecting osteoarthritis secondary MCD, and assess there was a correlation between increasing with severity MCD. Sixty-one dogs MCD (121 elbows) selected from imaging database. controls nine cadavers (18...

The trigeminal nerve is involved in the opening of pharyngeal orifice Eustachian tube by operating tensor veli palatini muscle. hypothesis was investigated that middle ear effusion occurs a more severe disease phenotype canine mass lesions compared with dogs without effusion. Three observers reviewed MRIs an MRI-diagnosis lesion from three institutions. Various parameters describing musculature innervated were scored and between Nineteen met inclusion criteria. Ipsilateral observed 63 per...

In the adult dog, kidney length has been reported as 2.98 ± 0.44 times of L2 on ventrodorsal views and 2.79 0.46 lateral radiographs. Our aim was to test hypothesis that suggested maximum normal left size is too high, evaluate effect breed type, gender, weight age dog size. Abdominal radiographs 200 dogs with no evidence concurrent disease might have an renal were included in study. The mean ratio second lumbar vertebra similar previous reports. For right view it measured 0.60 for 3.02 0.66....

Abstract Eight dogs with a firm, nonpainful swelling in the ventral laryngeal region and final diagnosis of ectopic thyroid carcinoma were investigated by Computed Tomography (CT) at six different institutions. findings reviewed, focusing on lesion volume, shape, margins, relationship surrounding structures adjacent vessels, attenuation characteristics, presence metastases. Ectopic carcinomas seen as oval‐to‐bilobed masses centered basihyoid bone associated lysis, highly vascularized...

Dysautonomia is caused by degeneration of the autonomic ganglia. Failure system affecting gastrointestinal and urinary tracts can cause oesophageal distension and/or dysfunction, gastric bowel hypomotility, bladder distension. The aim this retrospective study was to describe diagnostic imaging findings in cats with dysautonomia. Common were megaoesophagus signs intestinal ileus. Associated aspiration pneumonia megacolon appeared less commonly. Although are not specific for disease, if...

A delay in imaging following intravenous contrast medium administration has been recommended to reduce misdiagnoses. However, the normal variation of enhancement dogs a not characterized. Contrast-enhanced MR 22 was assessed, terms identification anatomic structures, investigate associated with 10-min between and imaging. All had brain study unremarkable cerebrospinal fluid. Specific regions interest were assessed both objectively, using computer software, subjectively three observers. Mean...

Abstract A case of diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis affecting the brain and spinal cord a dog is presented. 7.5‐year old, male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier presented for evaluation chronic history tetraparesis seizures, with multifocal neuroanatomical localization was determined. Extra‐axial intradural lesions an atypical presentation dural tail sign were seen on MRI. Histologically, consistent oligodendrogliomatosis. To authors’ knowledge, has not previously been...

Objectives This retrospective multicentre study compared the CT characteristics of cats diagnosed with intranasal mass lesions to determine if defining imaging features exist between different tumour types and neoplastic non-neoplastic lesions. Methods The medical records two institutions were reviewed for findings consistent an lesion subsequent histopathological examination. For each scan location, growth pattern, margin distinction, contrast enhancement pattern presence intralesional...

Abstract Case Description —A 4-month-old Bernese Mountain Dog was examined because of shifting hind limb lameness and lethargy 2 weeks' duration. Clinical Findings —The attributed to hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Portosystemic shunting suspected on the basis low serum albumin concentration high bile acids concentration, an intrahepatic shunt identified ultrasono-graphically. Celiotomy performed, partially closed with a cellophane band. During follow-up ultrasonography 7 months later, dilation...

Fluid within the tympanic bulla is an indication of middle ear disease. Radiography has a relatively low accuracy for detection soft tissue opacification in bulla, and most useful radiographic projection, rostrocaudal open mouth (RCd (open mouth)), technically difficult to perform dogs cats. An alternative projection feline rostro 10 degrees ventro-caudodorsal oblique (R10 V-CdDO), was compared RCd mouth) 41 cadaver heads with bullae randomly filled KY jelly. Computed tomography used as gold...

Abstract Hemangiosarcoma is the most common metastatic tumor involving brain in dogs but detailed published descriptions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features are lacking. The objective this multi‐center, retrospective case series study was to describe MRI characteristics canine hemangiosarcoma affecting central nervous system (CNS). Medical records seven referral institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs included if they had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis CNS and...