Plastic pollution in the world's oceans is estimated to have reached 270.000 tones, or 5.25 trillion pieces.This plastic now ubiquitous, however due ocean circulation patterns, it accumulates gyres, creating "garbage patches".This debris colonized by microbes and microorganisms that create unique ecosystems of sea-slicks microbial bio-films.Microbial colonization first step towards disintegration degradation materials: a process releases metabolic byproducts from energy synthesis.These...

We present a novel theoretical model to characterize the formation and coalescence sites of compact binaries in cosmological context. This is based on coupling between binary population synthesis code SeBa with simulation following Milky Way-like halo well resolved cosmic volume 4 cMpc, performed GAMESH pipeline. have applied this technique investigate when where systems properties similar recently observed LIGO/VIRGO events are more likely form they reside coalesce. find that than 70%...

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to enhance the spatial resolution of single-pass microwave data collected by mesoscale sensors. The proposed rationale is based on an L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> -minimization with variable p exponent. algorithm automatically adapts exponent region image be reconstructed. This allows taking benefit advantages both regularization in Hilbert (p = 2) and Banach (1 <; spaces....

Here we present a detailed analysis of the properties and evolution different dwarf galaxies, candidates to host coalescence black hole binary systems generating GW150914-like events. By adopting novel theoretical framework coupling population synthesis code seba with Galaxy formation model gamesh, can investigate these objects in well-resolved cosmological volume 4 cMpc, having Milky Way (MW)-like galaxy forming at its centre. We identify three classes interesting candidate galaxies: MW...

In this study, a method to improve the reconstruction performance of antenna-pattern deconvolution based on gradient iterative regularization scheme is proposed. The exploits microwave measurements acquired by multichannel radiometer enhance their native spatial resolution. proposed rationale consists using information carried high-frequency (finer resolution) channel ameliorate resolution lowest channel. Experiments performed both synthetic and real special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I)...

An enhanced spatial resolution brightness temperature product is proposed for future conical scan microwave radiometers. The technique developed Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) measurements that are simulated using the CIMR antenna pattern at L-band and measurement geometry in Phase A study led by Airbus. inverse reconstruction method proposed. Reconstructions obtained two configurations, namely, collected forward (FWD) scans only, combining backward (FWD+BWD) scans. Two grids...

The ability to enhance the spatial resolution of measurements collected by a conical-scanning microwave radiometer (MWR) is discussed in terms noise amplification and improvement resolution. Simulated (and actual) brightness temperature profiles are analyzed at variance different intrinsic resolutions adjacent beams overlapping modeling simplified 1-D measurement configuration (MC). actual refer Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data using 19.35 37.00 GHz channels that match simulated...

In this letter, a new approach is proposed to ameliorate the performance of iterative gradient-like regularization schemes aimed at enhancing spatial resolution microwave radiometer measurements in Hilbert space. The consists preconditioning ill-conditioned discrete problem let gradient-based inversion technique be more computer-time effective. Experiments undertaken on simulated brightness profiles demonstrate soundness rationale that outperforms conventional methods terms both...

The oceans cover roughly 2/3 of the Earth's surface and are a fundamental ecosystem regulating climate, weather representing huge reservoir biodiversity natural resources . preservation is therefore not only relevant on an environmental perspective but also economical one. A sustainable approach requested that cannot be simply achieved by improving technologies calls for shared new vision common goods.Within such complex holistic problem, role satellite microwave remote sensing to observe...

In this paper, preliminary results obtained within the framework of Italian Space Agency-funded APPLICAVEMARS project are presented. The aims at estimating sea surface wind field from L-, C- and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. particular, key element is adaptation/improvement geophysical model functions to transform microwave reflectivity map into an added-value product, i.e., a characterized by spatial resolution much finer than one obtainable scatterometer measurements....

Spatial resolution enhancement of microwave radiometer measurements is addressed using a new method that based on an L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> penalisation approach with variable p exponent. The key idea letting to vary in the range 1.2 - 2 take benefit both Hilbert (i.e. p=2) and Banach p=1.2) advantages. Results, obtained processing simulated actual Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) measurements,...

In this study, an enhanced spatial resolution product is proposed for the forthcoming L-band microwave radiometer operated on board of FSSCat mission. The obtained reconstructing brightness temperature a finer grid using antenna pattern deconvolution method. Simulated noisy measurements are used to showcase soundness approach that results in remarkable reconstruction performance.

In this study, wind speed is estimated from COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery using two approaches, which both exploit the X-band Geophysical Model Function (GMF) XMOD2 developed for German TerraSAR-X SAR mission. The first approach uses external direction information provided by collocated ASCAT scatterometer measurements; second one incorporates derived scene Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). Experimental results, obtained a relatively small CSK data set, show...

This study is to present the lesson learned during activities related Italian Space Agency (ASI) funded APPLICAVEMARS project which aims at estimating sea surface wind field from L-, C- and X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The paper focuses on results it describes a new approach estimate ancillary direction info SAR image itself using neural networks.

We present a novel approach to enhance the spatial resolution of microwave data collected by meso-scale sensors. The proposed rationale is based on an L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sup> -penalization with variable exponent p, ranging in interval [1.5,2]. This allows taking benefits advantages both Hilbert and Banach spaces. Preliminary experiments undertaken using simulated actual radiometer confirm effective improvement...

In this study, the performance of antenna-pattern inversion methods is analysed focusing on applications related to enhancement spatial resolution passive microwave radiometer measurements. particular, projection reference field onto kernel system function assuming different measurements configurations. The analysis shows that one can a priori obtain informations achievable using antenna pattern deconvolution techniques by analysing associated function. This allows understanding role played...

This study addresses the spatial resolution enhancement of synthetic microwave radiometer observations as obtained by forthcoming Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer (CIMR). An antenna pattern deconvolution scheme is used to exploit actual L-band CIMR together with a regularization reconstruct brightness field at enhanced resolution. Simulation results, referred and realistic reference fields, demonstrate soundness proposed that provides fields reconstructed up 1.5 times finer than...

In this study, the enhancement of spatial resolution microwave radiometer measurements is addressed by contrasting accuracy a gradient-like antenna pattern deconvolution method with its accelerated versions. The latter are methods that allow reaching given reduced number iterations. analysis points out result in improved performance when dealing spot-like discontinuities; while they perform similar way to canonical gradient case large discontinuities. A key application such techniques...

In this study, a multi-frequency analysis on the polarimetric scattering of harsh coastal environments is addressed. The properties different scenarios including grasslands and agricultural crops over land, mudflats sea water are analyzed using polarization signatures correlation between co-polarized channels. To purpose, C- X-band quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar satellite measurements collected Solway Firth, along western area at borders England Scotland. Firth represents...

In this study, a new antenna pattern deconvolution method to enhance the spatial resolution of multi -channel microwave radiometer (MWR) measurements is developed. This technique, based on conventional gradient-like iterative method, utilizes information contained in high-frequency channel lower-frequency data-fusion fashion. The physical idea consists initializing gradient -like inversion scheme using higher frequency details that are filtered out by system measurement function....

This study addresses the spatial resolution enhancement of synthetic microwave radiometer observations obtained by Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L-Band Radiometer. An antenna pattern deconvolution method is used together with an iterative regularization scheme to reconstruct brightness field at enhanced resolution. Results processing both and actual SMAP measurements show that sharper edges coastlines can be reconstructed in a very effective way.