The world is in need of more eco-friendly material, therefore numerous efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers fiber-reinforced composites with natural reinforced composite (NFRC), owing growing environmental consciousness and the depletion oil supplies. low cost, density, abundance, biodegradability NFRC, encouraged several researchers worldwide study their potential applications a number industrial sectors. However, NFRC disadvantages, including excessive moisture absorption...

The development of natural fiber (NFr) composites for a variety applications is on the rise. optimization interfacial bonding (IFB) between reinforcing NFr and polymer matrix perhaps single most critical aspect in fibre (NFPCs) with high mechanical performance. While IFB determining properties NFPCs, such as stress transfer, it one least understood components. This article offers summary mechanisms, different modification approaches targeted at lowering incompatibility improving IFB,...

Increasing need for materials with special features have brought various new inventions, one of the most promising hope material and functionalities is composites materials. Thus, this study report an integration zinc nanoparticles into kenaf/polyester polymer composite to introduce behavior composite. The behaviors were compared mechanical, thermal, moisture absorption biodegradability properties. Prepared Zinc Oxide entrenched in kenaf/polyestaer net structure through chemical bonds...

Compatibility of natural fiber with hydrophobic matrix is a herculean task in literature works. Surface treatment well-known approach for increasing the strength interfacial adhesion between fibres and polymer matrices. Therefore, this study aims to examine impact surface zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) improving hydrophobicity kenaf (KF) enhance compatibility KF matrix. In study, reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (KF/UPE) were fabricated by hand lay-up method varying loadings...

This paper reports the ability of chitosan-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified electrode as a sensitive layer working in detecting formaldehyde. The substrate is form copper-SPE which has been shaped into 5 mm area. On top electrode, number chitosan and matrices were placed thin film that works electrode. Characterization films was done using SEM, TEM, AFM FTIR. test for electrochemical sensing observed cyclic voltammetry (CV), whereas chitosan-rGO deposited onto surface electrodes....

Cholesterol detection needs to be carried out detect early symptoms of dangerous diseases such as heart disease. The process detecting cholesterol in the human blood requires a sensitive tool order produce accurate values. This paper reports performance chitosan thin films modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) layer working electrodes cholesterol. electrode substrate is copper-screen printed (copper-SPE) which was patterned into 5 mm area. chitosan-reduced...

Polyester/kenaf composites reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated. The nanoparticle treatment had a noticeable effect on the mechanical properties of composites. Kenaf treatments five different concentrations 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% performed. analysis showed an increased flexural strength stability break elongation in functionalized ZnO NPs-treated kenaf polyester resin polymer nanocomposites 2% NPs stable moderate elastic compared remaining systems. that...

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from local agricultural residues, rice husk (RH). RH undergone alkaline, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments. Nitric used in the process as a potential to replace strong acids such hydrochloric sulphuric acids. Hydrolysis of carried out by using different molarity nitric (control). The properties MCC obtained % yield, crystallinity index (CrI) functional group present were studied. yield shown comparable result regardless used. Whilst...

Abstract Palm oil plantations are very important in that they supply vegetable globally. However, increased production of palm prompts the accumulation large lignocelluloses residues form empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study explored advantages using OPEFB all‐cellulose composite (ACC) films. The isolation process raw fiber was carried out a chemical to extract nanocellulose. ACC films from and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared dimethylacetamide (DMAC) lithium chloride solvent...

Due to environmental concerns and budgetary constraints associated with synthetic fibers, natural fibers (NFr) are becoming increasingly popular as reinforcement in polymer composites (PCs) for structural components construction materials. The surface treatment (ST) method is a well-established technique enhancing the strength of interfacial bonding between NFr matrix (PM). As result, this research aims determine effect ST zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on flexural properties unsaturated...

Polylactic acid (PLA)-graft-Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR) was grafted using Maleic Anhydride (MA) as a grafting agent. Different concentrations of MA (5-20 phr) were used to prepare the PLA-graft-ENR (PLA-g-ENR) compatibilizer. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) an initiator initiate radicals for process. The graft compatibilizer analyzed qualitatively Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. percentage PLA-g-ENR calculated quantitatively Soxhlet extraction method with different solvents...

In this work polyurethane foam composites were prepared by using kenaf core fiber as filler at different percentages. Polyurethane acts the matrix and was palm oil based polyol isocyanate with ratio of 1:1.1. From results obtained, filled showed lower mechanical properties i.e modulus compression strength, up to 85% decrease. However addition decreases rise time composites. SEM micrograph analysis evidence irregular cell shape presence fiber. The percentage plays crucial role in determining...

This article offers a new perspective on Indian labour in colonial and independent Malaysia through analysis of an important financial resource, the Tamil Immigration Fund (established 1907) which was subsequently renamed as (1912) South Labour (1958).Contrary to stated objectives fund, government post-independence Malaysian failed utilise fund for benefit plantation workers.Existing literature Malaya have not emphasised fact that never used labourers.The passed four phases its development...

Graphene treated with silane based unsaturated polyester resin was successfully prepared for primer coatings application sonication process. Corrosion has been a major issue worldwide due to its failure building structure and high maintenance. The usage of Unsaturated Polyester (UPE) alone is insufficient inhibit the corrosion. Hence, using UPE filled graphene (GR) developed as significant step preserve steel structures. objectives this study investigate mechanical, adhesion corrosive...

The demand for natural fiber hybrid composites various applications has increased, which is leading to more research being conducted on due their promising mechanical properties. However, the incompatibility of with polymer matrix limits performance composite. In this work, properties and fiber-to-matrix interfacial adhesion were investigated. efficiency methyl methacrylate (MMA)-esterification treatments composites' final product was determined. composite prepared using hand lay-up method...

Particleboard is a popular wood composite made using mixtures of particles and resin, binder or adhesives, pressed at high temperature to cured. Despite its popularity, formaldehyde-based adhesives used in the formulations lead cancerous effect as formaldehyde fumes released from unreacted chemicals travel into human lungs. Therefore this study tries reduce utilization resin by replacement significant portion with glutardialdehyde modified corn starch binder. However, practice could lower...

This paper presents the simulation of heat sink by using Workbench 18.0 Software to simulate temperature distribution at different chip power input. 3D model is generated Design Modeler same dimension with experimental setup. The study was made for a mounted on source (Chip) under types powers. results are presented in terms when powers have been increased from 1 W 10 W. observed and it found that has lower increase significantly rise up 30.8ºC 96.2ºC estimated be 212% temperature. also...

Zinc oxide nanoparticle kenaf polyester composite (ZnONPs/kenaf/polyester) containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 layers of fibre treated with 40nm 2% (w/w) 5 % (w/w ) ZnONPs were prepared characterised to evaluate the mechanical thermal properties. The composites based on 2%, 5% concentrations, all samples compared control systems zero untreated save as references. fabricated using cold mixed blend via compression sandwich mould technique. 1 layer had lower tensile strength modulus suggesting it higher...