Flexible energy storage devices and sensors are two key factors for wearable electronics. Designing a multifunctional component that combines sensor high-performing is exciting but remains great challenge. Here, hydrogel with mechanical properties has been prepared by introducing polydopamine (PDA) into chemically crosslinked network of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A film electrode containing PDA grown in situ on the hydrogel, resultant device can be employed as...

A new method to improve the sensitivity and absolute accuracy simultaneously for coherent population trapping (CPT) magnetometer based on differential detection is presented. Two modulated optical beams with orthogonal circular polarizations are applied, in one of which two magnetic resonances excited by modulating a 3.4GHz microwave Larmor frequency. When frequency shift introduced, difference power transmitted through cell each beam shows low noise resonance. The 2pT/Hz @ 10Hz achieved....

Preparation of flexible supercapacitors with excellent mechanical properties and self-healing is great significance but still remains a challenge. A self-healable conductive hydrogel based on poly N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (PHEAA) fabricated as electrolyte for supercapacitors. The design the physically cross-linked dual network, rich hydrogen bonds endow robust strong ability. exhibited an stretchability (723 %) high ionic conductivity (21.8 mS/cm). Specially, by in situ growth electrode...

To overcome the shortcoming wherein accuracy of subsea cable detection can be affected by determination bias vector, scale factors, and non-orthogonality corrections vector magnetometer, a real-time attitude-independent route tracking method for power cables is investigated theoretically experimentally means scalar magnetic field checking. The measurement Bc produced current in made immune to influence platform attitude extracting component along geomagnetic using high-bandwidth...

We have theoretically and experimentally investigated the laser-detected magnetic resonance induced by radio-frequency two-photon processes in ${F}_{g}=4$ of ${D}_{1}$ line cesium atoms. The effective Hamiltonian for interaction between two fields sublevels at ground state is derived. By appropriately selecting frequencies fields, Raman process cascade can occur, which induce detected through laser transmission spectra. theoretical calculation results fit well with experimental data. Our...

With the demand for fast response of magnetic field measurement and development laser diode technology, self-oscillating laser-pumped atomic magnetometers have become a new trend. In this work, we designed portable VCSEL-pumped Cs atom magnetometer, including probe (optical path) circuits. The signal amplification feedback loop VCSEL control unit, cell temperature unit were realized. We tested performance magnetometer in metering station. Finally, work was compared with that CS-3 lamp-pumped...

Atom-based mixers have been shown to be very useful in performing the absolute measurement of magnitude a radio-frequency (rf) field by using Autler-Townes (AT) splitting. However, there has less success measuring phase rf with AT splitting magnetic-resonance system. The magnetic plays important role imaging applications. Here, we design an atomic mixer for detecting transmission spectra laser-detected system based on interference between Raman and cascade two-photon processes ${F}_{g}=4$...

The radiofrequency-optical double magnetic resonance in cesium atoms filled a vapor cell is investigated experimentally. One resonant signal involving spin-exchange collisions observed the MZ type spectrum. We solve Liouville equations describing dynamics of system and analyze role atomic population distributions under conditions. theoretical calculations agree very well with experimental results. In contrast normal resonance, collision induced exhibits interesting saturation effect: both...

A DC current sensor based on an optically pumped atomic magnetometer is proposed. It has a high linearity in wide operation range, since the measures absolute magnitude of magnetic field produced by to be measured. The exhibits accuracy with non-moment solenoid and shielding suppress influence from environment. error measured below 0.08 mA when range 7.5 750 mA. relative 5.54 × 10?5 at

We demonstrate a simple technique to lock the frequency of laser an atomic transition with new subnatural linewidth spectroscopy. The coupled rubidium system exhibits enhanced absorption spectrum probe beam linewidth. Compared other techniques additional laser, our scheme only utilizes single which will be locked. observed spectroscopic is down about 3.5 MHz. fluctuation 226 kHz after locking on. demonstrated offers convenient and low-cost for stabilization related precision measurements.

This study presents an effective solution on the basis of Discontinuous-Galerkin Time-Domain (DGTD) scheme for injection elliptically polarized plane wave through totalfield/scattered-field (TF/SF) boundary.Generally, can be resolved into two linearly waves in phase quadrature with polarization planes at right angles to each other, but proposed methodology is focused utilize principle field formation induce left-handed or right-handed by regulating and amplitude incident waves.The outcome...

Quantum systems with multiharmonic dressing have been extensively investigated and exhibited various novel phenomena technologies by virtue of their robust electromagnetic response. Here we mainly investigate the self-generated longitudinal Floquet modulation phenomenon an alignment-based magnetic-resonance system pump-probe structure dressed two different transverse radio-frequency (rf) fields in a warm atomic cesium ensemble, both theoretically experimentally. The includes first second...

A three-level lambda system driven by multicolor control, pump, and probe fields is investigated. The pump are derived from the same laser with opposite propagating directions. Due to Doppler effect, zero group-velocity atoms face bichromatic fields, while other trichromatic fields. atomic medium shows distinct characteristics exhibits simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) absorption (EIA) at two frequencies. EIT EIA peaks have a fixed relationship frequency, which...

As underwater disturbances (natural or artificial) occur in the ocean, moving seawater crossing geomagnetic fields will produce weak circular currents. These currents can induce measurable magnetic fields, which might be useful for monitoring ocean internal waves using aeromagnetic survey. In this research, a spectral-element method (SEM) based on Gauss–Lobatto–Legendre (GLL) polynomials is presented to characterize field induced by pressure waves. A concise mathematical model established...

Identifying unbalanced phase currents is crucial for control and fault alarm rates in power grids, especially urban distribution networks. The zero-sequence current transformer, specifically designed measuring currents, offers advantages measurement range, identity, size, compared to using three separate transformers. However, it cannot provide detailed information on the unbalance status beyond total current. We present a novel method identifying based difference detection magnetic sensors....

Self-oscillating magnetometers with high sensitivity are widely used in fields such as biomedicine and remote sensing. However, few studies comprehensively consider the effect of different parameters on their performance. We examined effects laser intensity, resonance detuning, radio frequency (RF) magnetic field, atomic cell performance portable self-oscillating magnetometers. To obtain absorption spectrum, we solved system's master equation multipole moment form. In theory, analyse...

In this work, we study the effects of nonlocality on optical response near surface plasmon resonance Otto structure, and such is considered in hydrodynamic model. Through analyzing dispersion relations predicted by Drude’s model system, find that nonlocal effect sensitive to large propagation wavevector, there exists a critical incident angle thickness. The point moves smaller value when taken into account. Before point, absorption reflected light pulse enhances; however, situation reverses...

The identification of submarine cable locations is crucial for their operation and maintenance. Precise location data enables the monitoring route changes facilitates rapid fault detection. Magnetic sensing commonly used detecting buried cables. However, current research seldom discusses impact mutual magnetic field interference among power cables on accuracy considers only intensity In this study, we first establish a general model three parallel single-core carrying three-phase currents...