The 5' RNA cap structure (m7GpppRNA) is a key feature of eukaryotic mRNAs with important roles in stability, splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA export, and translation. Higher eukaryotes can further modify this minimal the addition methyl group on ribose 2'-O position first transcribed nucleotide (m7GpppNmpRNA) sometimes adjoining (m7GpppNmpNmpRNA). In higher eukaryotes, DXO protein was previously shown to be responsible for both decapping degradation transcripts harboring aberrant ends such as...

The orientational and conformational transformation of the native liquid silk into a solid fiber in major ampullate gland spider Nephila clavipes has been studied by Raman spectromicroscopy. spectra show that conformation proteins glandular sac contains several secondary structure elements, which is consistent with intrinsically unfolded proteins. A few α-helices are also present involve some alanine residues located polyalanine segments spidroin sequence. conversion solution appears to be...

Dysregulations in alternative splicing (AS) patterns have been associated with many human diseases including cancer. In the present study, alterations to global RNA landscape of cellular genes were investigated a large-scale screen from 377 liver tissue samples using high-throughput sequencing data. Our study identifies modifications AS transcripts encoded by more than 2500 such as tumor suppressor genes, transcription factors, and kinases. These findings provide insights into molecular...

Alternative splicing (AS) is a central mechanism of genetic regulation which modifies the sequence RNA transcripts in higher eukaryotes. AS has been shown to increase both variability and diversity cellular proteome by changing composition resulting proteins through differential choice exons be included mature mRNAs. In present study, alterations global landscape genes upon viral infection were investigated using mammalian reovirus as model. Our study provides first comprehensive portrait...

To understand the spinning process of dragline silk by spiders, protein conformation before has to be determined. Raman confocal spectromicroscopy been used study proteins in situ intact abdominal major ampullate gland Nephila clavipes and Araneus diadematus spiders. The spectra obtained are typical natively unfolded very similar that a mixture recombinant proteins. Vibrational circular dichroism reveals is composed random polyproline II (PPII) segments with some α-helices. α-helices seem...

Due to its unmatched hardness and chemical inertia, diamond offers many advantages over other materials for extreme conditions routine analysis by attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. Its low refractive index can offer up a 6-fold absorbance increase compared germanium. Unfortunately, it also results strong bands in spectral distortions transmission experiments. The aim of this paper is present methodological approach determine quantitatively the degree ATR spectra. This...

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mRNA maturation step that allows increased variability and diversity of proteins in eukaryotes. AS dysregulated numerous diseases, its implication the carcinogenic process well known. However, progress understanding how oncogenic viruses modulate splicing, this modulation involved viral oncogenicity has been limited. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) various cancers, EBNA1 oncoprotein only protein expressed all EBV malignancies. In present study, ability to...

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the Reoviridae family presenting promising activity as an oncolytic virus. Recent studies have underlined MRV's ability to alter cellular alternative splicing (AS) during infection, with limited understanding of mechanisms at play. In this study, we investigated how MRV modulates AS. Using combination cell biology and reverse genetics experiments, demonstrated that M1 gene segment, encoding μ2 protein, primary determinant AS,...

Multiple human diseases including cancer have been associated with a dysregulation in RNA splicing patterns. In the current study, modifications to global landscape of cellular genes were investigated context Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. Global alterations was examined large-scale screen from 295 primary adenocarcinomas using high-throughput sequencing data. RT-PCR analysis, mass spectrometry, and co-immunoprecipitation studies also used experimentally validate investigate...

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is an mRNA pathway which degrades potential harmful transcripts that contain premature termination codons. However, NMD's importance also extends to the control of isoform abundance under physiological conditions. During viral infection, NMD inhibited through numerous mechanisms; however, has been shown have both antiviral as well proviral activities, raising further questions into role and during infection. These observations led us investigate involvement in...

Seedlings are rejected every year in forest nurseries because of insufficient root development and plug cohesion. Adequate substrate bulk density aeration properties critical importance for growth water nutrient uptake. The quality norms nursery substrates, based part on the ratio coarse to fine particle sizes, have recently been questioned with respect performance. We conducted experiments 2008 2009 under commercial conditions determine effects physicochemical seedling nutrition. were grown...

The relatively high specificity of transgenic plants based on Cry toxins Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) implies the possibility upward agroecosystemic cascades toward new equilibria among arthropods associating with cultivated plants. We examine hypothesis that exclusion Colorado potato beetle from expressing Cry3a toxin increases abundance non-target herbivores, which indirectly favours herbivore-dependent predators and omnivores foraging agricultural examined impact Bt arthropod taxa, studies...

The spliceosome is a massive ribonucleoprotein structure composed of five small nuclear (snRNP) complexes that catalyze the removal introns from pre-mature RNA during constitutive and alternative splicing. EFTUD2, PRPF8, SNRNP200 are core components U5 snRNP, which crucial for function as it coordinates performs last steps splicing reaction. Several studies have demonstrated snRNP proteins targeted viral infection, with limited understanding their involvement in virus–host interactions. In...

Modeling the effect of temperature on sustainability insect–plant interactions requires assessment both insect and plant performance. We examined western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), a generalist herbivore with high reproductive rate, chrysanthemum inflorescences, quality but relatively fixed, ephemeral resource for thrips population growth. hypothesized that different versus responses to result in significant statistical interaction abundance damage attributes over...

Modeling the effect of temperature on sustainability insect–plant interactions requires assessment both insect and plant performance. We examined western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), a generalist herbivore with high reproductive rate, chrysanthemum inflorescences, quality but relatively fixed, ephemeral resource for thrips population growth. hypothesized that different versus responses to result in significant statistical interaction abundance damage attributes over...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral infection caused by human coronaviruses that include SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although their primary mode of transmission through contaminated droplets from infected carriers, the deposition expelled virus particles onto surfaces fomites could contribute to transmission. Here, we use replication-deficient murine leukemia (MLV) pseudoviral expressing or MERS-CoV Spike (S) protein on surface. These...

The physical properties of peat substrates from eight tree nurseries were characterized to determine bulk density, air-filled porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore effectiveness, relative gas diffusivity and chemical properties. There significant variations among both in growth white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings (1+0) substrate Shoot dry mass root collar diameter negatively correlated with porosity whereas was positively density. Seedling increased increasing...