A5055292873- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Climate change and permafrost
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Landslides and related hazards
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
British Antarctic Survey
2016-2025
Natural Environment Research Council
2009-2025
University of Leeds
2023
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2014
University of Manchester
2014
University of Sheffield
1987-1990
An erratum has been published for this article in International Journal of Climatology 25 (8) 2005, 1147–1148. The Reference Antarctic Data Environmental Research (READER) project data set monthly mean near-surface temperature, sea-level pressure (MSLP) and wind speed used to investigate trends these quantities over the last 50 years 19 stations with long records. Eleven had warming seven cooling their annual (one station too little allow an trend be computed), indicating spatial complexity...
Based on a new analysis of passive microwave satellite data, we demonstrate that the annual mean extent Antarctic sea ice has increased at statistically significant rate 0.97% dec −1 since late 1970s. The largest increase been in autumn when there dipole positive and negative trends Ross Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Seas respectively. Sea sector is primarily result stronger cyclonic atmospheric flow over Amundsen Sea. Model experiments suggest trend towards circulation mainly stratospheric ozone...
Abstract Antarctic snowfall consists of frequent clear‐sky precipitation and heavier falls from intrusions maritime airmasses associated with amplified planetary waves. We investigate the importance different events using output RACMO2 model. Extreme consisting largest 10% daily totals are shown to contribute more than 40% total annual across much continent, some areas receiving in excess 60% these events. The greatest contribution extreme is coastal especially on ice shelves, Amery Ice...
A new dataset of monthly and annual mean near-surface climate data (temperature, surface sea level pressure, wind speed) for the Antarctic region has been created using historical observations [Scientific Committee on Research (SCAR) Reference Data Environmental (READER)]. Where possible, 6-hourly synoptic automatic weather station were used to compute means. The ability quality control at individual produced a more accurate series means than was available previously. At time writing, are...
We demonstrate that recent observed trends in the annual and austral summer Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) are unlikely to be due internal climate variability, since they exceed any equivalent‐length a millennial General Circulation Model (GCM) control run with constant forcings. In contrast we show SAM consistent combined effects of anthropogenic natural forcings GCM simulations. As these begin prior stratospheric ozone depletion challenge assertion this process is primarily...
A regional atmospheric model, with a horizontal grid spacing (Δ x ) of 14 km, is used to study the surface mass balance components (precipitation, sublimation, and snow drift) in region Antarctic Peninsula (AP). An integration performed for 7‐year period 1987–1993, using realistic forcing at lateral model boundaries sea surface. Output from this indicates that precipitation reaches its maximum value on northwestern slope AP, where upward motion atmosphere largest. Uplift occurs upstream...
Compared to other regions, little is known about clouds in Antarctica. This arises part from the challenging deployment of instrumentation this remote and harsh environment limitations traditional satellite passive sensing over polar regions. Yet have a critical influence on ice sheet's radiation budget its surface mass balance. The extremely low temperatures, absolute humidity levels, aerosol concentrations found Antarctica create unique conditions for cloud formation that greatly differ...
Previously unknown foehn jets have been identified to the east of Antarctic Peninsula ( AP ) above Larsen C Ice Shelf. These major implications for coast , a region rapid climatic warming and where two large sections ice shelf collapsed in recent years. During three events across leeside drying is seen new aircraft observations simulated well by Met Office Unified Model MetUM at ∼1.5 km grid spacing. In case A, weak southwesterly flow an elevated upwind inversion characterise highly...
Abstract. Antarctic tropospheric clouds are investigated using the DARDAR (raDAR/liDAR)-MASK products between 60 and 82∘ S. The cloud fraction (occurrence frequency) is divided into supercooled liquid-water-containing (SLC) its complementary part called all-ice fraction. A further distinction made SLC involving ice (mixed-phase clouds, MPC) or not (USLC, for unglaciated SLC). low-level (<3 km above surface level) larger over seas (20 %–60 %), where it varies according to sea fraction,...
Abstract. In situ measurements of Arctic clouds frequently show that ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are much higher than the available ice-nucleating particles (INPs), suggesting secondary production (SIP) may be active. Here we use a Lagrangian parcel model (LPM) and large-eddy simulation (LES) to investigate impact three SIP mechanisms (rime splintering, break-up from ice–ice collisions drop shattering) on summer stratocumulus case observed during Aerosol-Cloud Coupling And...
Abstract. The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections the future climate. This particularly true summer which play a critical role surface melting ice shelves vicinity Weddell Sea. pristine atmosphere over coast characterized by low concentrations nucleating particles (INPs) often result formation supercooled liquid clouds. However, when occurs, crystal number (ICNCs) are substantially higher than those predicted existing primary...
Abstract. In order to reduce the uncertainty of aerosol radiative forcing in global climate models, we need better understand natural sources which are important constrain current and pre-industrial climate. Here, analyse particle number size distributions (PNSDs) collected during a year (2015) across four coastal inland Antarctic research bases (Halley, Marambio, Dome C King Sejong). We utilise k-means cluster analysis separate PNSD data into six main categories. “Nucleation” “bursting”...
We report an undocumented major warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere that is larger than any previously identified regional tropospheric on Earth. This result has come to light through analysis recently digitized and rigorously quality controlled radiosonde observations. The data show midtropospheric temperatures have increased at a statistically significant rate 0.5 degrees 0.7 Celsius per decade over past 30 years. Analysis time series indicates are temporally homogeneous. available...
Tropical Pacific–high southern latitude teleconnections are shown to be caused by Rossby wave dynamics and sensitive the exact pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies forcing anomalous ascent. Further, signal becomes obscured local natural variability at higher latitudes. Here it is that a with source in tropical Pacific can explain general teleconnection found during winter. Upper level divergence associated deep convection plays major role generation these waves. SST El...
Abstract We compare measurements of the turbulent and radiative surface energy fluxes from an automatic weather station (AWS) on Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica with corresponding three high‐resolution atmospheric models over a 1 month period during austral summer. All produce reasonable simulation (relatively small) at AWS site. However, biases in modeled fluxes, which dominate budget, are significant. There is significant positive bias net shortwave radiation all models, together negative...
The structure of lee‐side warming during foehn events is investigated as a function cross‐barrier flow regime linearity. Two contrasting cases westerly over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) are considered – one highly nonlinear, other relatively linear. Westerly impinging on AP provides best natural laboratories in world for study foehn, owing to its maritime setting and Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS) providing an expansive, homogeneous smooth surface east side. Numerical simulations with Met Office...
Abstract. Comprehensive aircraft observations are used to characterise surface roughness over the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) and consequently make recommendations for parametrisation of momentum exchange in MIZ. These were gathered Barents Sea Fram Strait from two as part Aerosol–Cloud Coupling And Climate Interactions (ACCACIA) project. They represent a doubling total number such currently available The eddy covariance method is derive estimates 10 m neutral drag coefficient (CDN10)...
Abstract. The oil and gas (O&amp;G) sector is a significant source of methane (CH4) emissions. Quantifying these emissions remains challenging, with many studies highlighting discrepancies between measurements inventory-based estimates. In this study, we present CH4 emission fluxes from 21 offshore O&amp;G facilities collected in 10 fields over two regions the Norwegian continental shelf 2019. Emissions derived during 13 aircraft surveys were found to range 2.6 1200 t yr−1 (with mean...
Intermittent atmospheric blocking-high activity in the South Tasman Sea is shown to play a key role delivering substantial snowfall as far south at least 75°S on central East Antarctic Ice Sheet plateau. Typically, cyclones fail penetrate this (>1000 km) inland, and accumulation was thought be dominated by clear-sky precipitation. In Antarctica, meridional cloud bands moisture originate from north 35°–40°S, appear preferentially pass over coast corridor ∼120° 160°E. Comparison of surface...
Abstract. The first intercomparisons of cloud microphysics schemes implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale atmospheric model (version 3.5.1) are performed on Antarctic Peninsula using polar version WRF (Polar WRF) at 5 km resolution, along with comparisons to British Survey's aircraft measurements (presented part 1 this work; Lachlan-Cope et al., 2016). This study follows previous works suggesting misrepresentation thermodynamic phase order explain large radiative...
Abstract. Observations of clouds over the Antarctic Peninsula during summer 2010 and 2011 are presented here. The peninsula is up to 2500 m high acts as a barrier weather systems approaching from Pacific sector Southern Ocean. number ice liquid particles well water content in both sides years were compared. In there significantly more drops crystals, particularly east, where approximately twice crystals 2011.Ice observations compared nuclei parameterizations suggest that secondary...
Abstract Secondary ice production (SIP) commonly occurs in coastal Antarctic stratocumulus, affecting their number concentrations (N ) and radiative properties. However, SIP is poorly understood crudely parametrized models. By evaluating how well captured a cloud‐resolving model, with high‐resolution nest within parent domain, we test an improved comparison aircraft observations affects the modeled cloud Under assumption that primary suitably represented by must enhance up to order of...
Abstract Surface melting on Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves can influence shelf mass balance, and consequently sea level rise. We show that summertime cloud phase the Larsen C strongly influences amount of radiation received at surface determine whether or not occurs. While previous work has separately evaluated energy balance (SEB) during over C, no studies have examined this relationship quantitatively. Furthermore, regional climate models frequently produce biases related to liquid water...