A5062815181- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Image Processing Techniques and Applications
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Quality Function Deployment in Product Design
- Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
- Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
Applied Research Associates (United States)
2014-2025
Applied Research Associates
2011-2025
Sanofi (United States)
2025
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
2016
Research Triangle Park Foundation
1999-2010
The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences
2007-2010
Environmental Protection Agency
1999-2003
Particle size-selective sampling refers to the collection of particles varying sizes that potentially reach and adversely affect specific regions respiratory tract. Thoracic respirable fractions are defined as fraction inhaled capable passing beyond larynx ciliated airways, respectively, during inhalation. In an attempt afford greater protection exposed individuals, current criteria overestimate population means particle penetration into lower The purpose our analyses was provide estimates...
Comparing effects of inhaled particles across rodent test systems and between humans is a key obstacle to the interpretation common toxicological for human risk assessment. These comparisons, correlation with prediction effects, are best conducted using measures tissue dose in respiratory tract. Differences lung geometry, physiology characteristics ventilation can give rise differences regional deposition these species. doses cannot currently be measured experimentally. Regional dosimetry...
Increased production of industrial devices constructed with nanostructured materials raises the possibility environmental and occupational human exposure consequent adverse health effects. Ultrafine (nano) particles are suspected having increased toxicity due to their size characteristics that serve as carrier transports. For this reason, it is critical refine improve existing deposition models in nano-size range. A mathematical model nanoparticle transport by airflow convection, axial...
While evidence exists supporting the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, infectious dose by inhalation remains unknown. In present study, probability infection following SARS-CoV-2 was dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model inhalational COVID-19. The median dose, assessed seroconversion, 52 TCID50 (95% CI: 23-363 TCID50), and significantly lower than fever (256 TCID50, 95% 102-603 resulting group animals that developed an immune response post-exposure but did not develop or...
The extrathoracic oral airway is not only a major mechanical barrier for pharmaceutical aerosols to reach the lung but also source of variability in deposition. Using computational fluid dynamics, deposition 1−30 µm particles was predicted 11 CT-based models airways adults. Simulations were performed mouth breathing during both inspiration and expiration at two steady-state flow rates representative resting/nebulizer use (18 L/min) dry powder inhaler (DPI) (45 L/min). Consistent with...
Background The confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) has been used by scientists to visualize three-dimensional (3D) biological samples. Although this system involves lasers, electronics, optics, and microscopes, there are few published tests that can be assess the performance of equipment. Usually CLSM is assessed subjectively evaluating a biological/histological test slide for image quality. use slide, many other components in need assessed. It would useful if existed produced...
It is known that puffing conditions such as puff volume, duration, and frequency vary substantially among individual smokers. This study investigates how these parameters affect the particle size distribution concentration of fresh mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) changes predicted deposition MCS particles in a model human respiratory tract. Measurements made with an electrical low pressure impactor for variety are presented. The average flow rate found to be major factor effecting measured...
AbstractThe exposure-dose-response characterization of an inhalation hazard established in animal species needs to be translated equivalent humans relative comparable doses or exposure scenarios. Here, the first geometry model conducting airways for rhesus monkeys is developed based upon CT images a 6-month-old male, monkey. An algorithm was adding alveolar region using published morphometric data. The resultant lung can used mechanistic particle gaseous dosimetry models. Such models require...
Realistic descriptions of lung geometry and physiology are the primary determinants accurate predictions inhaled particle deposition distribution in human lung. While there have been considerable efforts devoted to reconstruction, little attention has given ventilation as applied applications. Models based on pressure differential between extrathoracic airways pleural cavity were developed used calculate lobar regional particles Local airflow varied accordance with physiological properties....
Inhaled vapors may be absorbed at the alveolar-capillary membrane and enter arterial blood flow to carried other organs of body. Thus, biological effects inhaled depend on vapor uptake in lung distribution rest A mechanistic model human surrounding tissues was developed for soluble reactive during a single breath. Lung tissue disposition formaldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde were simulated different solubilities reactivities. Formaldehyde, highly vapor, estimated taken up by upper...
Inhalation of cigarette smoke particles (CSP) leads to adverse health effects in smokers. Determination the localized dose lung inhaled aids determining vulnerable sites, and identifying components that may be responsible for effects; thus providing a roadmap harm reduction smoking. A particle deposition model specific CSP was developed oral cavity by accounting size growth hygroscopicity, phase change coagulation. In addition, since puff enters respiratory tract as dense cloud, cloud effect...
Objective The objectives are to develop inhalation dosimetry models of the flavoring agents diacetyl, 2, 3-pentanedione, and acetoin predict uptake throughout rat human respiratory tracts use results with histopathology data from 2-week, nose-only exposures in Sprague-Dawley rats assess relationships between predicted dose vivo responses.
Deterministic models have been developed for the predictions of deposited dose to respiratory tract from inhalation airborne materials. The complexity lung geometry, ventilation mechanics, and transport processes required model assumptions simplifications. Model validation is an integral part development process before can be applied specific scenarios interest. While several efforts reported in literature regional deposition tract, there a desire refine enhance power smaller regions such as...
Background/Objectives: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in the elderly, with high morbidity and mortality no vaccines or specific therapies available. The primary protective antigen hMPV fusion protein, its prefusion conformation (pre-F) considered most promising target for vaccine development. Methods: Utilizing computational design strategies focused on intraprotomer interface stabilization, we designed pre-F recombinant subunit candidates based...
Background The coefficient of variation (CV) is defined as the standard deviation (σ) fluorescent intensity a population beads or pixels expressed proportion percentage mean (μ) (CV = σ/μ). field flow cytometry has used CV bead intensities to determine if cytometer aligned correctly and performing properly. In similar manner, analysis been applied confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) machine performance sensitivity. Methods Instead measuring 10,000 using determining this distribution...