Abstract In contrast with many other essential metals, the mechanisms of Mn acquisition in higher eukaryotes are seldom studied and poorly understood. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a high-affinity uptake system to acquire from soil conditions low availability this activity is catalyzed by divalent metal transporter NRAMP1 (for Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1). The nramp1-1 loss-of-function mutant grows poorly, contains less than wild type, fails take up...

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) play key roles in intra- and extracellular signaling eukaryotes. Here we report that the MAPKKK MEKK1 regulates redox homeostasis Arabidopsis. We show MEKK1-deficient plants are misregulated expression of a number genes involved cellular control accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most strikingly, homozygous mekk1 mutant exhibit lethal phenotype when developing true leaves. activity stability was regulated by H(2)O(2)...

Summary The Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe 1‐Like (YSL) proteins have been identified by homology with the maize ( Zea mays ) 1 (YS1) transporter which is responsible for iron–phytosiderophore (PS) uptake roots in response to iron shortage. Although dicotyledonous plants do not synthesize PS, they PS precursor nicotianamine, a strong metal chelator essential maintenance of homeostasis and copper translocation. Furthermore, ZmYS1 rice Oryza sativa protein OsYSL2 metal‐nicotianamine transport...

Abstract In “strategy I” plants, several alterations in root physiology and morphology are induced by Fe deficiency, although the mechanisms which low levels translated into reactions aimed at alleviating shortage largely unknown. To prove whether changes hormone concentration or sensitivity involved adaptation to suboptimal availability, we tested 45 mutants of Arabidopsis defective metabolism and/or hair formation for their ability increase Fe(III) chelate reductase activity initiate...

Abstract Low bioavailability of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) induces morphogenetic changes in roots that lead to a higher surface-to-volume ratio. In Arabidopsis, an enlargement the absorptive surface area is achieved by increase length frequency hairs Fe- P-deficient plants. The extra root are often located positions occupied with non-hair cells under normal conditions, i.e. over tangential wall underlying cortical cells. An involvement auxin ethylene epidermis cell development plants was...

Although Arabidopsis thaliana does not produce phytosiderophores (PS) under Fe deficiency, it contains eight homologs of the metal-PS/metal-nicotianamine (NA) transporter ZmYS1 from maize. This study aimed to investigate whether one closest ZmYS1, AtYSL2, is involved in metal-chelate transport. Northern analysis revealed high expression levels AtYSL2 Fe-sufficient or Fe-resupplied roots, while deficiency transcript decreased. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and...

The ability of plants to monitor their surroundings, for instance the perception bacteria, is crucial importance. microorganism-derived molecules and effector proteins best understood these monitoring processes. In addition, perceive bacterial quorum sensing (QS) used cell-to-cell communication between bacteria. Here, we propose a mechanism how N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), group QS molecules, influence host defense fortify resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana against pathogens....

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium contaminated vegetables and fruits are considerable sources of human infections. Bacteria present in raw plant-derived nutrients cause salmonellosis, the world wide most spread food poisoning. This facultative endopathogen enters replicates host cells actively suppresses immune responses. Although survives on plants, underlying bacterial infection mechanisms only poorly understood. In this report we investigated possibility to use Arabidopsis thaliana...

Abstract Pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria rely on quorum sensing to coordinate the collective behavior during interactions with their eukaryotic hosts. Many Gram-negative use N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signals in such communication. Here we show that plants have evolved means perceive AHLs length of acyl moiety functional group at γ position specify plant’s response. Root treatment N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) reinforced systemic resistance obligate...

Adverse conditions can trigger DNA damage as well repair responses in plants. A variety of stress factors are known to stimulate homologous recombination, the most accurate pathway, by increasing concentration necessary enzymatic components and frequency events. This effect has been reported last into subsequent generations not exposed stress. To establish a basis for genetic analysis this transgenerational memory, broad range treatments was tested quantitative effects on recombination...

Human pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, are able to colonize crop plants. So far, not much is known about biotic and abiotic factors influencing this colonization in field soil. This understanding, however, imperative for the provision of safe fresh produce consumer. In study, we investigated effects soil type, organic fertilization, plant species way entry into production system, on survival S. enterica well The selected serovar Typhimurium strain 14028s, LT2 Senftenberg...

N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) play an important role in the communication within rhizosphere; they serve as a chemical base for interactions and between different species of Gram-negative bacteria. Not only bacteria, also plants perceive react to AHLs with diverse responses. Here we describe negative correlation length AHLs' lipid chains observed growth promotion Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, speculate on positive reinforcement defense mechanisms moieties. Observation presented here...

Salmonella virulence in animals depends on effectors injected by Type III Secretion Systems (T3SSs). In this report we demonstrate that mutants are unable to deliver also compromised infection of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed contrast wild type bacteria, T3SS suppressing highly conserved genes play a prominent role during animals. We found originating from infected plants equally virulent for human cells and mice. These results indicate high degree conservation...

Bacterial quorum sensing molecules not only grant the communication within bacterial communities, but also influence eukaryotic hosts. N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by pathogenic or beneficial bacteria were shown to induce diverse reactions in animals and plants. In plants, reaction AHLs depends on length of lipid side chain. Here we investigated impact two Arabidopsis thaliana, which usually enter a close symbiosis with plants from Fabaceae (legumes) family produce long-chain...

[Abstract] The plant cell wall is a physical barrier, which fulfills plethora of functions, for example it can efficiently prevent pathogen’s entry into the cell. In addition, its changing composition contributes to plants inducible defense mechanisms. This layer includes pathogen perception and followed by activation responses resulting, among others, in modification remodeling wall. relatively late response (hours or days after contact with pathogen) comprises accumulation polysaccharides,...

Bacterial quorum-sensing (QS) molecules are one of the primary means allowing communication between bacterial cells or populations. Plants also evolved to perceive and respond those molecules. N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) QS molecules, which impact has been extensively studied in different plants. Most studies however, assessed interactions a bilateral manner, nature interactions, occurs rarely, if at all, nature. Here, we investigated how Arabidopsis thaliana responds presence single...

Bacteria associated with plants can enhance the plants' growth and resistance against phytopathogens. Today, growers aim to reduce use of mineral fertilizers pesticides. Since phytopathogens cause severe yield losses in crop production systems, biological alternatives gain more attention. Plant also seed endophytes have potential influence plant, especially seed-borne bacteria may express their beneficiary impact at initial plant developmental stages. In current study, we assessed endophytic...