A user interface software tool helps developers design and implement the interface. Research on past tools has had enormous impact today's developers—virtually all applications today are built using some form of tool. In this article, we consider cases both success failure in tools. From these extract a set themes which can serve as lessons for future work. Using themes, be characterized by what aspects they addressed, their threshold ceiling, path least resistance offer, how predictable to...

A person seeking another person's attention is normally able to quickly assess how interruptible the other currently is. Such assessments allow behavior that we consider natural, socially appropriate, or simply polite. This in sharp contrast current computer and communication systems, which are largely unaware of social situations surrounding their usage impact actions have on these situations. If systems could model human interruptibility, they use this information negotiate interruptions...

We present an approach to 3D printing custom optical elements for interactive devices labelled Printed Optics. Optics enable sensing, display, and illumination be directly embedded in the casing or mechanical structure of device. Using these elements, unique display surfaces, novel techniques, sensors, optoelectronic components can digitally fabricated rapid, high fidelity, highly customized devices. is part our long term vision that are printed their entirety. In this paper we explore...

Article Free Access Share on Techniques for addressing fundamental privacy and disruption tradeoffs in awareness support systems Authors: Scott E. Hudson Graphics, Visualization, Usability Center, College of Computing, Georgia Institute Technology, Atlanta, GeorgiaView Profile , Ian Smith Authors Info & Claims CSCW '96: Proceedings the 1996 ACM conference Computer supported cooperative workNovember Pages 248–257https://doi.org/10.1145/240080.240295Online:16 November 1996Publication History...

Article Free Access Share on Making computers easier for older adults to use: area cursors and sticky icons Authors: Aileen Worden Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GeorgiaView Profile , Nef Walker Krishna Bharat GVR, Scott Hudson Authors Info & Claims CHI '97: Proceedings the ACM SIGCHI Conference Human factors in computing systemsMarch 1997 Pages 266–271https://doi.org/10.1145/258549.258724Published:27 March 1997Publication History 193citation3,057DownloadsMetricsTotal...

A person seeking someone else's attention is normally able to quickly assess how interruptible they are. This assessment allows for behavior we perceive as natural, socially appropriate, or simply polite. On the other hand, today's computer systems are almost entirely oblivious human world operate in, and typically have no way take into account interruptibility of user. paper presents a Wizard Oz study exploring whether, how, robust sensor-based predictions might be constructed, which...

We present Abracadabra, a magnetically driven input technique that offers users wireless, unpowered, high fidelity finger for mobile devices with very small screens. By extending the area to many times size of device's screen, our approach is able offer C-D gain, enabling fine motor control. Additionally, screen occlusion can be reduced by moving interaction off display and into unused space around device. discuss several example applications as proof concept. Finally, results from user...

Physical buttons have the unique ability to provide low-attention and vision-free interactions through their intuitive tactile clues. Unfortunately, physicality of these interfaces makes them static, limiting number types user they can support. On other hand, touch screen technologies ultimate interface flexibility, but offer no inherent qualities. In this paper, we describe a technique that seeks occupy space between two extremes - offering some flexibility screens, while retaining...

We present TapSense, an enhancement to touch interaction that allows conventional surfaces identify the type of object being used for input. This is achieved by segmenting and classifying sounds resulting from object's impact. For example, diverse anatomy a human finger different parts be recognized including tip, pad, nail knuckle - without having instrument user. opens several new powerful opportunities input, especially in mobile devices, where input extremely constrained. Our system can...

A reliable and unobtrusive measurement of working memory load could be used to evaluate the efficacy interfaces provide real-time user-state information adaptive systems. In this paper, we describe an experiment con-ducted explore some issues around using elec-troencephalograph (EEG) for classifying load. Within experiment, present our classification methodology, including a novel feature selection scheme that seems alleviate need complex drift modeling artifact rejection. We demonstrate...

The home deployment of sensor-based systems offers many opportunities, particularly in the area using to support aging place by monitoring an elder's activities daily living. But existing approaches activity recognition are typically expensive, difficult install, or intrude into living space. This paper considers feasibility a new approach that "reaches home" via infrastructure. Specifically, we deploy small number low-cost sensors at critical locations home's water distribution Based on...

We present Scratch Input, an acoustic-based input technique that relies on the unique sound produced when a fingernail is dragged over surface of textured material, such as wood, fabric, or wall paint. employ simple sensor can be easily coupled with existing surfaces, walls and tables, turning them into large, unpowered ad hoc finger surfaces. Our sufficiently small it could incorporated mobile device, allowing any suitable which rests to appropriated gestural surface. Several example...

Immersive experiences seek to engage the full sensory system in ways that words, pictures, or touch alone cannot. With respect haptic system, however, physical feedback has been provided primarily with handheld tactile vibration-based designs, largely ignoring both pressure receptors and upper-body area as conduits for expressing meaning is consistent sight sound. We extend potential immersion along these dimensions Force Jacket, a novel array of pneumatically-actuated airbags force sensors...

This paper considers the design, construction, and example use of a new type 3D printer which fabricates three-dimensional objects from soft fibers (wool wool blend yarn). allows substantial advantages additive manufacturing techniques (including rapid turn-around prototyping physical support for high levels customization configuration) to be employed with class material. material is form loose felt formed when an incoming feed yarn are entangled in layers below it. The resulting recreate...

We explore 3D printing physical controls whose tactile response can be manipulated programmatically through pneumatic actuation. In particular, by manipulating the internal air pressure of various elements, we create mechanisms that require different levels actuation force and also change their shape. introduce discuss a series example printed controls, which demonstrate feasibility our approach. This includes conventional such as buttons, knobs sliders, but extends to domains toys...

Human environments are typified by walls, homes, offices, schools, museums, hospitals and pretty much every indoor context one can imagine has walls. In many cases, they make up a majority of readily accessible surface area, yet static their primary function is to be wall, separating spaces hiding infrastructure. We present Wall++, low-cost sensing approach that allows walls become smart Instead merely spaces, now enhance rooms with interactivity. Our wall treatment hardware track users'...

Common appliances have shifted toward flat interface panels, making them inaccessible to blind people. Although people can label with Braille stickers, doing so generally requires sighted assistance identify the original functions and apply labels. We introduce Facade - a crowdsourced fabrication pipeline help independently make physical interfaces accessible by adding 3D printed augmentation of tactile buttons overlaying panel. users capture photo appliance readily available fiducial marker...

Small point lights (e.g., LEDs) are used as indicators in a wide variety of devices today, from digital watches and toasters, to washing machines desktop computers. Although exceedingly simple their output - varying light intensity over time design space can be rich. Unfortunately, survey contemporary uses revealed that the vocabulary lighting expression popular use today is small, fairly unimaginative, generally ambiguous meaning. In this paper, we work through structured process points way...

We describe techniques that allow inexpensive, ultra-thin, battery-free Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags to be turned into simple paper input devices. use sensing and signal processing determine how a tag is being manipulated by the user via an RFID reader show may enhanced with set of conductive traces can printed on paper, stencil-traced, or even hand-drawn. These modify behavior contiguous serve as Our provide capability off-the-shelf sense touch, cover, overlap dielectric...

Textiles are an old and well developed technology that have many desirable characteristics. They can be easily folded, twisted, deformed, or cut; some stretched; soft. maintain their shape when placed under tension even engineered with variable stretching ability. Conversely, 3D printing is a relatively new precisely produce functional, rigid objects custom geometry. Combining textiles opens up opportunities for rapidly creating embedded flexibility as soft materials imbued additional...

Smartwatches are a promising new interactive platform, but their small size makes even basic actions cumbersome. Hence, there is great need for approaches that expand the envelope around smartwatches, allowing human input to escape physical confines of device. We propose using tiny projectors integrated into smartwatch render icons on user's skin. These can be made touch sensitive, significantly expanding region without increasing device size. Through series experiments, we show these 'skin...

We introduce Acoustruments: low-cost, passive, and power-less mechanisms, made from plastic, that can bring rich, tangible functionality to handheld devices. Through a structured exploration, we identified an expansive vocabulary of design primitives, providing building blocks for the construction interfaces utilizing smartphones' existing audio functionality. By combining familiar physical mechanisms all be constructed passive elements. On top these, create end-user applications with...

We present Air+Touch, a new class of interactions that interweave touch events with in-air gestures, offering unified input modality expressiveness greater than each alone. demonstrate how air and are highly complementary: is used to designate targets segment while gestures add expressivity events. For example, user can draw circle in the tap trigger context menu, do finger 'high jump' between two touches select region text, or drag 'pigtail' copy text clipboard. Through an observational...

We present a new type of 3D printer that can form precise, but soft and deformable objects from layers off-the-shelf fabric. Our employs an approach where sheet fabric forms each layer object. The cuts this along the 2D contour using laser cutter then bonds it to previously printed heat sensitive adhesive. Surrounding in is temporarily retained provide removable support structure for above it. This process repeated build up object by layer. capable automatically feeding two separate types...