In this study, long‐term (2.5 years) observations of a high vertical resolution radiosonde are used for the first time to identify atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height over tropical station, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). An alternative method detecting ABL from refractivity ( N ) profiles is proposed, which includes both temperature and water vapor information, several advantages were found. The identified using compared with that detected by traditional methods like potential, virtual...

Abstract. Lightning activity constitute the major destructive component of thunderstorms over India. Hence, an understanding long-term variability in lightning occurrence and intensity their interrelation with various causative factors is required. Long-term (1998–2014) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite-based observations depict most frequent occurrences along Himalayan foothills, Indo-Gangetic plains coastal regions, while these strikes found to be strongest regions Bay...

Abstract Changing patterns in aerosol concentrations over the Asian region is well documented with a concurrent increase India and marked reduction China. However, vertical distribution changing climate not fully understood. By combining long-term satellite observations from MODIS CALIOP, here we show rapid changes South East Asia covering A statistically significant decreasing (increasing) trend boundary layer (free troposphere) noticed India. ERA-Interim reanalysis model suggests that this...

Abstract. Radiosondes are widely used to obtain basic meteorological parameters such as pressure (P), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and horizontal winds during the balloon ascent up altitude of burst, usually ~ 32–35 km. Data from radiosondes released Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station in India, have been collected descent well without attaching any parachute or its equivalent since year 2008. In present study an attempt has made characterize radiosonde data with main...

Abstract. Cloud vertical structure, including top and base altitudes, thickness of cloud layers, the distribution multilayer clouds, affects large-scale atmosphere circulation by altering gradients in total diabatic heating cooling latent heat release. In this study, long-term (11 years) observations high-vertical-resolution radiosondes are used to obtain structure over a tropical station at Gadanki (13.5∘ N, 79.2∘ E), India. The detected layers verified with independent using particle...

Abstract In this study, we introduce a robust method for precise determination of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) top from COSMIC global positioning system radio occultation measurements. We apply wavelet covariance transform to compute the convolution COSMIC‐observed bending angle/refractivity profile with Haar function and use maximum identify ABL top, making detection even small transitions possible. Results obtained were compared radiosonde N profiles verification top. This procedure...

Abstract. Tropical cyclones play an important role in modifying the tropopause structure and dynamics as well stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) processes upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. In present study, impact of that occurred over north Indian Ocean during 2007–2013 on STE is quantified using satellite observations. Tropopause characteristics are obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) measurements, ozone water vapour concentrations...

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) has been a topic of intensive research in recent times regarding its variability dynamics, chemistry and radiation. This work explores the spatial trends ASMA using observational reanalysis data sets. Our analysis indicates that extent magnitude is greater during July August than June September. decadal very large at edges compared with core region. Significant observed northeastern southwestern parts reference to 1951–1960 period....

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in India using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) gridded datasets from June 2002 to April 2017. Significant relationships between different land surface–atmosphere fields (Precipitation, surface air temperature, total cloud cover, water storage) were studied, maximum covariance analysis (MCA) extract dominant interactions that maximize two fields. The first leading mode MCA...

Despite being rare, large volcanic eruptions can have a long-lasting impact on the chemistry, radiation, and dynamics of stratosphere. This study attempts to quantify changes in stratospheric water vapour its relationship temperature ozone observed from space-based Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations during submarine volcano eruption Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai that occurred 15 January 2022. The most notable aspect this is plumes, which are columns reached higher altitudes (1 hPa (47.6...

AB STRACTCon stel la tion Ob serv ing Sys tem for Me te o rol ogy Ion sphere and Cli mate (COS MIC), con sist of six Low Earth Or bit (LEO) Global Po si (GPS) re ceiv ers, on board the Formosat Sat el lite 3 (FORMOSAT-3) is pro vid dense ob ser va tions den sity, refractivity, per a ture wa ter por files neu tral at mo since mid dle July 2006.Spe cial ra dio sonde (Väisälä) cam paign was ducted Gadanki (13.48°N, 79.18°E), trop i cal site in In dia, dur 2006 to March 2007 val date these me ro...

Abstract. Long-term trends of the parameters related to convection and instability obtained from 27 radiosonde stations across six subdivisions over Indian region during period 1980–2016 are presented. A total 16 parcel along with moisture content, wind shear, thunderstorm rainfall frequencies have been utilized for this purpose. Robust fit regression analysis is employed on regional average time series calculate long-term both a seasonal yearly basis. The level free (LFC) equilibrium (EL)...

Abstract. Tropical cyclones (TCs) are deep convective synoptic-scale systems that play an important role in modifying the thermal structure, tropical tropopause parameters and hence also modify stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) processes. In present study, high vertical resolution accuracy measurements from COSMIC Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) used to investigate quantify effect of occurred over Bay Bengal Arabian Sea last decade on parameters. The include...

Abstract Surface Temperature (ST) is important in terms of surface energy and terrestrial water balances affecting urban ecosystems. In this study, to process the nonlinear changes climatological variables by leveraging distinct advantages Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Bidirectional (BiLSTM), we propose an LSTM-BiLSTM hybrid deep learning model which extracts multi-dimension features inputs, i.e., backward (future past) or forward (past future) predict ST. This study assessed variables, wind...

Water vapor is the most dominant greenhouse gas in atmosphere and plays a critical role Earth’s energy budget hydrological cycle. This study aims to characterize long-term seasonal variation of relative humidity (RH), convective available potential (CAPE), inhibition (CIN) from surface radiosonde observations 1980–2020. The results show that during monsoon season, very high RH values are depicted while low pre-monsoon season. West Coast stations represent large compared other throughout...