The inflammatory response is one of several host alert mechanisms that recruit neutrophils from the circulation to area infection. We demonstrate Bordetella, a bacterial pathogen, exploits an antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), evade immune system. identified Bordetella effector, BopN, translocated into cell via type III secretion system, where it induces enhanced production IL-10. Interestingly, BopN effector translocates itself nucleus and involved in down-regulation...

Various pathogenic bacteria such asShigella deliver effector proteins into mammalian cells via the type III secretion system. The delivered Shigellaeffectors have been shown to variously affect host functions required for efficient bacterial internalization cells. In present study, we investigated IpaH their ability be secreted system and fate in Upon incubation a medium containing Congo red, secrete medium, but of occurs later than that IpaBCD. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicated...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) delivers a subset of effectors into host cells via type III secretion system. Here we show that the effector EspG and its homologue EspG2 alter epithelial paracellular permeability. When MDCK were infected with wild-type (WT) EPEC, RhoA was activated, this event dependent on delivery either or cells. In contrast, loss transepithelial electrical resistance ZO-1 disruption induced by infection an espG/espG2 double-knockout mutant, as case WT indicating...

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) secretes many Esps (E. coli-secreted proteins) and effectors via the type III secretion (TTS) system. We previously identified a novel needle complex (NC) composed of basal body structure containing an expandable EspA sheath-like as central part EPEC TTS apparatus. To further investigate protein components NC, we purified it in successive centrifugal steps. Finally, NCs with long structures could be separated from those short on basis their densities....

The virulence of the human pathogen Shigella flexneri is dependent on both chromosome- and large-virulence-plasmid-encoded genes. A kanamycin resistance cassette mutation in miaA gene (miaA::Km Sma), which encodes tRNA N6-isopentyladenosine (i6A37) synthetase involved first step synthesis modified nucleoside 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A), was transferred to chromosome S. 2a by phage P1 transduction. In wild-type bacterium, ms2i6A37 present position 37 (next 3' anticodon) a...

In Bordetella bronchiseptica, the functional type III secretion system (TTSS) is required for induction of necrotic cell death in infected mammalian cells. To identify factor(s) involved death, III-secreted proteins from B. bronchiseptica were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry. We identified a 69-kDa secreted protein designated BopC. The gene encoding BopC located outside TTSS locus also...

Background Bordetella pertussis is the primary etiologic agent of disease pertussis. Universal immunization programs have contributed to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality pertussis; however, incidence disease, especially adolescents adults, has increased several countries despite high vaccination coverage. During last three decades, strains circulation shifted from vaccine-type nonvaccine-type many countries. A comparative proteomic analysis was performed identify protein(s)...

Bordetella has a type III secretion system that secretes virulence proteins crucial to the establishment of infection. The genes encoding components are located in bsc region on chromosome. This includes bcrH1 and bcrH2 genes, which respectively encode BcrH1 BcrH2. In this study, we analyzed roles BcrH2 First, created BcrH1/BcrH2-double deficient strains, amounts secreted BopB BopD, make complex forms pores host membrane, bacterial cells each protein-deficient strain. results showed BopD...

Shigella infects residential macrophages via the M cell entry, after which pathogen induces macrophage death. The bacterial strategy of infection, however, remains largely speculative. Wild type flexneri (YSH6000) invaded more efficiently than noninvasive mutants, where YSH6000 induced large scale lamellipodial extension including ruffle formation around bacteria. When were infected with ipaC mutant, invasiveness and induction membrane dramatically reduced as compared that YSH6000. J774...

Bordetella bronchiseptica is closely related with B. pertussis and parapertussis, the causative agents of whooping cough. These pathogenic species share a number virulence genes, including gene locus for type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effector proteins. To identify unknown effectors in Bordetella, secreted proteins bacterial culture supernatants wild-type an isogenic T3SS-deficient mutant were compared iTRAQ-based, quantitative proteomic analysis method. BB1639, annotated as...

BteA is one of the effectors secreted from Bordetella bronchiseptica type III secretion system. It has been reported that induces necrosis in mammalian cells; however, roles during infection process are largely unknown. In order to investigate functions, morphological changes cells infected with wild-type B. were examined by time-lapse microscopy. L2 cells, a rat lung epithelial cell line, spread at 1.6 hours after infection. Membrane ruffles observed peripheral parts spreading....

The cytotoxicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica to infected cells is known be dependent on a B. type III secretion system. Although the precise mechanism system unknown, BopN, BopD and Bsp22 have been identified as secreted proteins. In order identify other proteins via machinery in Bordetella, mutant was generated, its profile compared with that wild-type strain. results showed strain, but not mutant, 40-kDa protein into culture supernatant. This BopB by analysis N-terminal amino acid...

It is currently unclear whether Shigella kills its phagocytic host cells by apoptosis or necrosis. This study shows that rapid necrosis ensues in macrophage-like cell lines (U937 differentiated all-trans-retinoic acid and J774 cells) infected with the flexneri strain YSH6000. The rapidly lose membrane integrity, a typical feature of necrosis, as indicated release cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase exposure phosphatidylserine (PS) associated uptake propidium iodide (PI). exhibit DNA...

ABSTRACT Neisseria meningitidis autoaggregation is an important step during attachment to human cells. Aggregation mediated by type IV pili and can be modulated accessory pilus proteins, such as PilX, posttranslational modifications of the major subunit PilE. The mechanisms underlying regulation aggregation remain poorly characterized. Polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) a 3′–5′ exonuclease that involved in RNA turnover small RNAs. In this study, we biochemically confirm NMC0710 N. PNPase,...

The cytotoxicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica to infected cells is known be dependent on a B. type III secretion system. Although BopB, BopN, BopD, and Bsp22 have been identified as secreted proteins, these proteins remain characterized. In this study, in order clarify the function BopD during infection, mutant was generated. into culture supernatant completely abolished by bopD mutation, other not affected mutation. It has reported that severe cytotoxicity, including cell detachment from...

The first report of transmissible carbapenem resistance encoded by blaIMP-1 was discovered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa GN17203 1988, and has since been detected other bacteria, including Enterobacterales. Currently, many variants blaIMPs exist, point mutations the blaIMP promoter have shown to alter strength. For example, (Pc) blaIMP-1, reported P. GN17203, a weak (PcW) with low-level expression intensity. This study investigates whether region helped create strong promoters under...

Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health. The continual battle between emergence AMR and development drugs will be extremely difficult stop as long traditional anti-biotic approaches are taken. In order overcome this impasse, we here focused on type III secretion system (T3SS), which highly conserved in many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. T3SS known indispensable establishing disease processes but not essential for pathogen survival. Therefore,...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) plays a key role in the exertion of full virulence by Bordetella bronchiseptica. However, little is known about environmental stimuli that induce expression T3SS genes. Here, it reported iron starvation signal for gene B. It was found that, when bronchiseptica cultured under iron-depleted conditions, secreted proteins greater than bacteria grown iron-replete conditions. Furthermore, confirmed induction T3SS-dependent host cell cytotoxicity and hemolytic...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a sophisticated protein machinery that delivers bacterial virulence proteins into host cells. A needle-tip protein, Bsp22 , one of the secreted substrates T3SS and plays an essential role in full function Bordetella bronchiseptica. In this study, we found BB1618 functions as chaperone for . deletion resulted dramatic impairment culture supernatants stability cytosol. contrast, other was not affected by mutation. Furthermore, mutant strain could induce...

Shigella flexneri, but not a non-invasive mutant derivative, rapidly induced cell death in human monoblastic U937 cells as well differentiated pretreated with interferon-γ (IFNγ) or retinoic acid (RA). We investigated the morphological and biochemical characteristics of bacterial invasion-induced these cells. IFNγ-differentiated showed changes typical apoptosis their DNA was cleaved giving ladder-like electrophoretic pattern after infection by Shigellae. In contrast, swelling cytoplasm...

Bacterial auto-aggregation is a critical step during adhesion of N. meningitidis to host cells. The precise mechanisms and functions bacterial still remain be fully elucidated. In this work, we characterize the role meningococcal hypothetical protein, NMB0995/NMC0982, show that here denoted NafA, acts as an anti-aggregation factor. NafA was confirmed surface exposed found induced at late stage adherence epithelial A deficient mutant hyperpiliated formed bundles pili. Further, displayed...