A5057781498- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Corruption and Economic Development
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Economic Growth and Development
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
King's College London
2004-2025
National Institute of Mental Health
2014-2024
National Human Genome Research Institute
2015-2024
National Institutes of Health
2011-2024
King's College Hospital
2003-2024
Fordham University
2013-2023
Office of the Director
2022
Radboud University Medical Center
2019
Radboud University Nijmegen
2019
Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
2019
There is controversy over the nature of disturbance in brain development that underpins attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In particular, it unclear whether results from a delay maturation or represents complete deviation template typical development. Using computational neuroanatomic techniques, we estimated cortical thickness at >40,000 cerebral points 824 magnetic resonance scans acquired prospectively on 223 children with ADHD and typically developing controls. With this...
Understanding the organization of cerebral cortex remains a central focus neuroscience. Cortical maps have relied almost exclusively on examination postmortem tissue to construct structural, architectonic maps. These invariably distinguished between areas with fewer discernable layers, which less complex overall pattern lamination and lack an internal granular layer, those more laminar architecture. The former includes several agranular limbic areas, latter homotypical association sensory...
Background. Empathy plays a key role in social understanding, but its empirical measurement has proved difficult. The Quotient (EQ) is self-report scale designed to do just that. This series of four studies examined the reliability and validity EQ determined factor structure. Method. In Study 1, 53 people completed EQ, Social Desirability Scale (SDS) non-verbal mental state inference test, Eyes Task. 2, principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted on data from 110 healthy individuals 62...
Understanding human cortical maturation is a central goal for developmental neuroscience. Significant advances toward this have come from two recent strands of in vivo structural magnetic resonance imaging research: (1) longitudinal study designs revealed that factors such as sex, cognitive ability, and disease are often better related to variations the tempo anatomical change than anatomy at any one time point; (2) largely cross-sectional applications new surface-based morphometry (SBM)...
<h3>Context</h3> Data from a previous prospective study of lobar volumes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are reexamined using measure cortical thickness. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether regional differences thickness or changes across time characterize ADHD and predict reflect its clinical outcome. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Longitudinal 163 (mean age at entry, 8.9 years) 166 controls recruited mainly local community Maryland. Participants...
Classically, model-based segmentation procedures match magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes to an expertly labeled atlas using nonlinear registration. The accuracy of these techniques are limited due biases, misregistration, and resampling error. Multi-atlas-based approaches used as a remedy involve matching each subject number manually templates. This approach yields numerous independent segmentations that fused voxel-by-voxel label-voting procedure. In this article, we demonstrate how...
Significance Our spatiotemporal understanding of subcortical development in humans lags far behind that the cortical sheet. This disparity ignores developmental refinements and disruptions complex behavior involve systems spanning both components brain. We begin redressing this imbalance by applying new techniques for striatal, pallidal thalamic morphometry to large-scale longitudinal neuroimaging data extending from childhood through early adulthood. work ( i ) establishes curvilinear,...
Objective: There is considerable epidemiological and neuropsychological evidence that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) best considered dimensionally, lying at the extreme end of a continuous distribution symptoms underlying cognitive impairments. The authors investigated whether cortical brain development in typically developing children with impulsivity resembles found syndrome ADHD. Specifically, they examined slower rate thinning during late childhood adolescence, which...
Objective: Anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have detected smaller cerebellar volumes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than comparison subjects. However, the regional specificity and longitudinal progression of these differences remain to be determined. The authors compared each lobe hemispheres vermis ADHD subjects used a new volume measurement characterize developmental trajectory differences. Method: In case-control study, 36 were divided...
Objective: While there has been considerable concern over possible adverse effects of psychostimulants on brain development, this issue not examined in a prospective study. The authors sought to determine prospectively whether psychostimulant treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with differences the development cerebral cortex during adolescence. Method: Change cortical thickness estimated from two neuroanatomic MRI scans 43 youths ADHD. mean age at...
Context: Just as typical development of anatomical asymmetries in the human brain has been linked with normal lateralization motor and cognitive functions, disruption asymmetry implicated pathogenesis neurodevelopmental disorders such attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).No study examined cortical using longitudinal neuroanatomical data.Objective: To delineate children without ADHD.
<h3>Context</h3> Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most heritable neuropsychiatric disorders, and a polymorphism within dopamine D<sub>4</sub>receptor (<i>DRD4</i>) gene has been frequently implicated in its pathogenesis. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine effects 7-repeat microsatellite the<i>DRD4</i>gene on clinical outcome cortical development ADHD. We drew comparisons with single nucleotide D<sub>1</sub>receptor (<i>DRD1</i>) gene, which was associated ADHD our...
<h3>Background</h3> Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare but severe form of the disorder that frequently treatment resistant. The psychiatrist has limited evidence base to guide treatment, particularly as there are no trials in children comparing atypical antipsychotics, mainstay current treatment. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare efficacy and safety olanzapine clozapine, hypothesizing clozapine would be more efficacious. <h3>Design</h3> Double-blind randomized 8-week controlled trial, with...
There is a burgeoning interest in the neural basis of ability to attribute mental states others; capacity referred as 'theory mind' (ToM). We examined effects lesions amygdala which arise at different stages development on this key aspect social cognition. Tests ToM, executive and general neuropsychological function were given subjects with arising congenitally or early childhood ('early damage', n = 15), who acquired damage adulthood ('late damage' 11) matched clinical (n 14) healthy...