Lead isotopes combined with trace element data represent a powerful tool for non‐ferrous metal provenance studies. Nevertheless, unconsidered geological factors and archaeological data, as well ignored analytical procedures, may substantially modify the interpretation of isotopic signature obtained potential ore candidate. Three examples, accompanied by high‐resolution lead measurements ( MC – ICP MS ), are presented here to discuss above‐mentioned criticisms propose some solutions. The...

Lead (Pb) isotopes provide valuable insights into the origin of Pb within a sample, typically allowing for reliable fingerprinting their source. This is useful variety applications, from tracing sources pollution-related Pb, to origins in archaeological artefacts. However, current approaches investigate source proportions via graphical means, or simple mixing models. As such, an approach, which quantitatively assesses and fingerprints signature analysed especially larger numbers sources,...

The breccia-hosted epithermal Au-Ag deposit of Roşia Montană is located 7 km northeast Abrud, in the northern part South Apuseni Mountains, Romania.Estimated total reserves 214.91 Mt ore at 1.46 g/t Au and 6.9 Ag (10.1 Moz 47.6 Ag) make one largest gold deposits Europe.At this location, Miocene calc-alkaline magmatic hydrothermal activity was associated with local extensional tectonics within a strike-slip regime related to indentation Adriatic microplate into European plate during...

The Celtic culture of Western Europe left magnificent gold objects, such as jewellery and weapons from nobility graves hoarded coins, well field evidence pre-Roman mining metallurgical workshops that attest to the local ores. This is case Central France where many precious metallic ores have been mined throughout ages Prehistoric times onwards. One lingering problems in assessing provenance artefacts coins lack relevant data on isotope geochemistry mineralogy ore sources. Forty samples were...

ABSTRACT Roşia Montană, Romania, is Europe’s largest gold deposit, with a current identifıed resource of ~400 Mt at 1.3 g/t Au and 6 Ag. The deposit hosted by Miocene age maar-diatreme complex emplaced into Cretaceous flysch-type sedimentary rocks intruded dacite domes. High-resolution 40Ar/39Ar dating adularia associated gold-bearing veins suggests protracted period episodic mineralization spanning about 500,000 years. major mineral electrum, pyrite, base-metal sulfıdes, variety Au-Ag...

Alburnite, ideally Ag8GeTe2S4, was discovered in the Cârnicel vein from Roşia Montana epithermal Au-Ag ore deposit, Apuseni Mountains, Romania. The new mineral is associated with tetrahedrite, galena, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and tellurides (hessite, altaite, sylvanite). Associated gangue minerals are rhodochrosite, quartz, calcite, rhodonite. Alburnite observed only at microscopic scale as rounded to sub-rounded grains, veinlets or irregular inclusions hosted mainly by hessite,...

We provide the first scientific record and mineralogical characterization of alluvial gold in Olănești area, Southern Carpathians, Romania, based on field evidence, optical microscopy, XRD, BSE EPMA data. Chemical data were acquired 11 grains from Cheia rivers revealed a generally continuous variation silver content with Ag ranging 7.31 to 19.77 wt.% Au 80.26 93.16 wt.%. The source primary native is inferred be Cu-Au Valea lui Stan and/or Costești As-Au shear-zone-related ore deposits...

Two types of hydrovolcanic breccias are generally accepted: phreatomagmatic and phreatic. Due to their specific characteristics generated during the brecciation, that control ore deposition, these represent favourable hosts for mineralization. The depth formation, general form dimensions, breccia - host rock contact, as well fragments, matrix, open spaces altogether position size hosted bodies contribute in different degrees rise grades phreatic structures. Consequently, recognition genetic...

En Limousin et au nord-est de la Dordogne, les gisements d'or en roche ont été exploités à ciel ouvert dans plus 250 mines, approfondies souterrain cours des siècles. Cette activité minière initiée l'âge du bronze s'est inscrite sur tout le deuxième âge fer (début ve fin ier s. av. J.-C.). L'ensemble chaîne opératoire a pu être documenté, l'extraction métallurgie l'or. Des expérimentations menées pour produire l'or selon restituée par l'archéologie analyses faites matériaux produits. Partant...

The Antoniu, Antoniu North, and Blidar Contact orebodies from the Băița-Bihor skarn deposit, Romania have been investigated using optical electron microscopy. Electron probe microanalyses were acquired on samples orebody. Bornite is most abundant Cu-sulfide hosts native bismuth, joséite-B, emplectite, wittichenite. Kësterite ferrokësterite identified for first time in deposit; occurrence of stannite was also confirmed. Temperatures ore deposition orebody are constrained compositions...

The Roşia Montană Project represents a responsible mining project in progress the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. It is first developed Romania according to up-to-date Romanian and international (EU) standards. Besides specific geological aspects, comprises various other aspects concerning culture community. present paper presents cultural heritage of framework new development proposed by Gold Corporation.

Phreatic and phreatomagmatic breccias are the two end-member styles of hydromagmatic breccias. A previous contribution deals with an emphasis on their general features those genetic criteria that allow accurate rapid recognition. presented here. Their features, i.e. environment/ depth formation, form/geometry, dimensions, contacts host rocks, fragments, matrix, alteration, mineralization, surface connection, fluidization facies changes were examined. Furthermore, criteria, very useful in...

We evaluated the significance of iron and manganese content in sphalerite as a tool for distinguishing between low-sulfidation intermediate-sulfidation epithermal deposits on basis new previously published electron probe microanalyses data Roșia Montană ore deposit available microchemical from Neogene located Apuseni Mountains Baia Mare region, Romania. Two compositional trends Fe vs. Mn were delineated, Fe-dominant Mn-dominant, which are poor Fe, respectively. The overlapping range ores...

Alburnus Maior (Rosia Montanà, Roumanie), est un site minier important à l’époque romaine pour ses métaux précieux. Des études géologiques, gîtologiques et géochimiques ont été effectuées sur les corps de minerais exploités dans chantiers miniers mis en évidence par l’archéologie minière. La démarche principale réside l’étude géo- chrono- référencés la géologie identifier sources des précieux pendant l’antiquité romaine.Les géologiques menées le massif Cârnic, permis d’identifier quatre...

The occurrence of Cu 3 (As,Sb)S 4 minerals, i.e. the enargite and luzonite-famatinite series, is poorly known in Neogene Baia Mare metallogenic district, NW Romania, with few records no analytical data. This study provides first EPMA XRD data on enargite/luzonite from Cisma ore deposit Băiuţ field, Herja deposit. Vein-type bodies bearing minerals are hosted by Paleocene–Eocene flysch successions, while host rock enargite-bearing unknown. series as "exotic" low sulphidation epithermal...

<p>Figures S1 and S2 Table S1.</p>