Healthy aging is accompanied by disruptions in the functional modular organization of human brain. Cross-sectional studies have shown age-related reductions segregation and distinctiveness brain networks. However, less known about longitudinal changes their associations with aging-related cognitive decline. We examined age- architecture cerebral cortex using a dataset comprising cross-sectional healthy young cohort 57 individuals (mean ± SD age, 23.71 3.61 years, 22 males) elderly 72...

Slow oscillations (SO) during sleep contribute to the consolidation of learned material. How encoding declarative memories subsequent wakefulness might benefit from their enhancement is less clear. In this study, we investigated impact acoustically enhanced SO a nap on

Sleep deprivation can result in degradation of sustained attention through increased distraction by task-irrelevant exogenous stimuli. However, attentional failures the sleep-deprived state could also be a task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs, or mind wandering). Here, well-rested and participants performed visual search task under high low perceptual load conditions. Thought probes were administered at irregular intervals to gauge frequency TUTs level meta-awareness wandering. Despite reporting...

When people feel curious, they often seek information to resolve their curiosity. Reaching resolution, however, does not always occur in a single step but instead may follow the accumulation of over time. Here, we investigated changes curiosity dynamic information-gathering process and how these related affective cognitive states as well behavior. Human participants performed an Evolving Line Drawing Task, during which reported guesses about drawings’ identities made choices whether keep...

A night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) reduces task-related activation fronto-parietal and higher visual cortical areas. As this reduction in corresponds to impaired attention perceptual processing, it might also be associated with poorer memory encoding. Related animal work has established that columns stochastically enter a 'down' state deprivation, leading predictions neural representations are less stable distinctive following TSD. To test these participants incidentally encoded scene...

The hippocampus has been a focus of memory research since H.M's surgery abolished his ability to form new memories, yet its mechanistic role in remains debated. Here, we identify candidate mechanism: an anticipatory hippocampal "convergence state", observed while awaiting valuable information, and which predicts subsequent learning. During fMRI, participants viewed trivia questions eliciting high or low curiosity, followed seconds later by answer. We reasoned that encoding success requires...

Abstract A night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) impairs selective attention and is accompanied by attenuated activation within ventral visual cortex (VVC). However, finer details how TSD compromises selectivity processing remain unclear. Drawing from prior work in cognitive aging, we predicted that would result dedifferentiation neural responses for faces houses the VVC. Instead, found preservation category selectivity. This was observed both voxels highly each category, also across...

Abstract The hippocampus has been a focus of memory research since H.M’s surgery in 1953 abolished his ability to form new memories, yet its mechanistic role is still debated. Here, we identify novel, systems-level candidate mechanism: an anticipatory hippocampal “convergence state”, observed while awaiting valuable information, that both predicts later memory, and accounts for the relationship between midbrain activation enhanced learning. To reveal this state, leveraged endogenous...

Preparatory control of attention facilitates the efficient processing and encoding an expected stimulus. However, this can occur at expense increasing cost unexpected stimuli. be influenced by motivational factors, such as expectation a reward. Interestingly, high reward increase target processing, well reduce associated with reorienting. Using semantic cueing paradigm, we examined interaction cue-validity on judgment performance subsequent memory. was assessed pupillometry. Valid category...

Current models of curiosity postulate that it motivates behavior towards the resolution uncertainty. Yet in everyday life, we often prolong uncertainty, for example avoiding spoilers just-released movies. We investigated whether higher favors delaying to experience an event as unfolds. developed a video task which line drawings slowly resolved into objects. As each progressed, participants (N=1338, Prolific) made choices about how long keep watching. showed when curious, people choose remain...

Mind wandering at critical moments during a cognitive task degrades performance. At other moments, mind could serve to conserve task-relevant resources, allowing brief mental respite. Recent research has shown that, if target timing is predictable, episodes coincide with of low likelihood. Conversely, can be avoided when targets are expected. In the current study, we tested whether guided by implicit temporal expectations less predictable. two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 37, Experiment 2:...

Abstract Effective decision making in an uncertain world requires balancing the benefits of acquiring relevant information with costs delaying choice. Optimal strategies for sampling can be accurate but computationally expensive, whereas heuristic are often simple rigid. To characterize computations that underlie sampling, we examined choice processes human participants who sampled sequences images (e.g. indoor and outdoor scenes) attempted to infer majority category or outdoor) under two...