Simulation-based training is increasingly being used for assessment and of psychomotor skills involved in medicine. The application artificial intelligence machine learning technologies has provided new methodologies to utilize large amounts data educational purposes. A significant criticism the use education been a lack transparency algorithms’ decision-making processes. This study aims 1) introduce framework using explainable simulation-based surgery, 2) validate by creating Virtual...

<h3>Importance</h3> To better understand the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical training, efficacy AI tutoring systems, such as Virtual Operative Assistant (VOA), must be tested and compared with conventional approaches. <h3>Objective</h3> determine how VOA remote expert instruction compare learners’ skill acquisition, affective, cognitive outcomes during simulation training. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> This instructor-blinded randomized clinical trial...

<h3>Importance</h3> Despite advances in the assessment of technical skills surgery, a clear understanding composites expertise is lacking. Surgical simulation allows for quantitation psychomotor skills, generating data sets that can be analyzed using machine learning algorithms. <h3>Objective</h3> To identify surgical and operative factors selected by algorithm to accurately classify participants level virtual reality procedure. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Fifty from single...

Background: With the emergence of competency-based training, current evaluation scheme surgical skills is evolving to include newer methods assessment and training. Artificial intelligence through machine learning algorithms can utilize extensive data sets analyze operator performance. This study aimed address 3 questions: (1) Can artificial uncover novel metrics performance? (2) support vector be trained differentiate “senior” “junior” participants who are executing a virtual reality...

Importance To better elucidate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical skills training requires investigations potential existence a hidden curriculum. Objective assess pedagogical value AI-selected technical competencies and their extended effects simulation training. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study was follow-up randomized clinical trial conducted at Neurosurgical Simulation Artificial Intelligence Learning Centre Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill...

Validated procedures to objectively measure neurosurgical bimanual psychomotor skills are unavailable. The NeuroTouch simulator provides metrics determine performance, but validation is essential before implementation of this platform into training, assessment, and curriculum development.To develop, evaluate, validate performance for resection simulated brain tumors with NeuroTouch.Bimanual 8 differing color, stiffness, border complexity was evaluated. Metrics assessed included blood loss,...

Virtual reality surgical simulators provide a safe environment for trainees to practice specific scenarios and allow self-guided learning. Artificial intelligence technology, including artificial neural networks, offers the potential manipulate large datasets from gain insight into importance of performance metrics during simulated operative tasks.To distinguish in virtual reality-simulated anterior cervical discectomy scenario, uncover novel metrics, relative each metric using...

In procedural-based medicine, the technical ability can be a critical determinant of patient outcomes. Psychomotor performance occurs in real-time, hence continuous assessment is necessary to provide action-oriented feedback and error avoidance guidance. We outline deep learning application, Intelligent Continuous Expertise Monitoring System (ICEMS), assess surgical bimanual at 0.2-s intervals. A long-short term memory network was built using neurosurgeon student 156 virtually simulated...

OBJECTIVE Understanding the variation of learning curves experts and trainees for a given surgical procedure is important in implementing formative paradigms to accelerate mastery. The study objectives were use artificial intelligence (AI)–derived metrics determine participants 4 groups with different expertise levels who performed series identical virtual reality (VR) subpial resection tasks identify curve differences among groups. METHODS A total 50 individuals participated, 14...

OBJECTIVE Severe bleeding during neurosurgical operations can result in acute stress affecting the bimanual psychomotor performance of operator, leading to surgical error and an adverse patient outcome. Objective methods assess influence on have not been developed. Virtual reality simulators, such as NeuroTouch, allow testing risk-free environments. Thus, purpose this study was explore impact a simulated stressful virtual tumor resection scenario by utilizing NeuroTouch answer 2 questions:...

OBJECTIVE Virtual reality simulators allow development of novel methods to analyze neurosurgical performance. The concept a force pyramid is introduced as Tier 3 metric with the ability provide visual and spatial analysis 3D application by any instrument used during simulated tumor resection. This study was designed answer questions: 1) Do groups have distinct pyramids? 2) handedness ergonomics influence structure? 3) Are pyramids dependent on haptic characteristics tumors? METHODS Using...

BACKGROUND Virtual reality spine simulators are emerging as potential educational tools to assess and train surgical procedures in safe environments. Analysis of validity is important determining the utility these systems. OBJECTIVE To face, content, construct a C4-C5 anterior cervical discectomy fusion simulation on Sim-Ortho virtual platform, developed by OSSimTechTM (Montreal, Canada) AO Foundation (Davos, Switzerland). METHODS Spine surgeons, fellows, along with neurosurgical orthopedic...

The methodology of assessment and training surgical skills is evolving to deal with the emergence competency-based training. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), a branch artificial intelligence, can use newly generated metrics not only for performance but also quantitate individual metric importance provide new insights into expertise.To outline educational utility using an ANN in quantitation expertise. A virtual reality vertebral osteophyte removal during simulated spine procedure used as...

Advances in computer-based technology has created a significant opportunity for implementing new training paradigms neurosurgery focused on improving skill acquisition, enhancing procedural outcome, and surgical skills assessment. NeuroTouch is virtual reality system that can generate output data known as metrics from operator performance during simulated brain tumor resection. These measures of quantitative assessment are used to track compare psychomotor operative procedures. Data the...

Abstract Trainees develop surgical technical skills by learning from experts who provide context for successful task completion, identify potential risks, and guide correct instrument handling. This expert-guided training faces significant limitations in objectively assessing real-time tracking learning. It is unknown whether AI systems can effectively replicate nuanced feedback, risk identification, guidance mastering that expert instructors offer. randomized controlled trial compared...

Clival fracture (CF) is rare among head traumas. The aim of this study was to explore how radiological features observed in CF reflect the clinical picture and mechanism injury such cases.Radiological data for patients with skull base admitted Montreal General Hospital between February 2002 October 2012 were obtained from Quebec Trauma Registry reviewed CF. Identified categorized by orientation quality. Injury mechanism, presentation, follow-up outcome through retrospective chart review.Of...

Abstract BACKGROUND The force pyramid is a novel visual representation allowing spatial delineation of instrument application during surgical procedures. In this study, the concept employed to create and quantify dominant hand, nondominant bimanual pyramids resection virtual reality brain tumors. OBJECTIVE To address 4 questions: Do ergonomics handedness influence structure? What are differences between pyramids? distribution forces applied in specific tumor quadrants? differentiates...

Previous work from the authors has shown that hand ergonomics plays an important role in surgical psychomotor performance during virtual reality brain tumor resections. In current study they propose a hypothetical model integrates human and task factors at play simulated resections to better understand needed for optimal safety efficiency. They hypothesize 1) experts (neurosurgeons), compared novices (residents medical students), spend greater proportion of their time direct contact with...