The development of non-toxic quantum dots and further investigation their composition-dependent cytotoxicity in a high-throughput manner have been critical challenges for biomedical imaging gene delivery. Herein, we report rapid sonochemical synthetic methodology generating library highly biocompatible ZnS-AgInS2 (ZAIS) cellular siRNA

The railroad ballast layer consists of discrete aggregate particles, and the element method (DEM) is most widely adopted numerical to simulate particulate nature materials their particle interactions. Large-scale triaxial tests performed in laboratory under controlled monotonic repeated loading conditions are commonly considered best means measure macroscopic mechanical properties materials, such as strength, modulus, deformation characteristics, directly related load-carrying drainage...

Ballast containing large aggregate particles with uniform gradation is an essential layer in a railway substructure to facilitate load distribution and drainage. Although it constructed or maintained accordance specifications, ballast characterized by inherent randomness, not only particle properties, such as mineralogy, size, shape, but also arrangement. Because of this the initial configurations assemblies vary from place field well specimen laboratory. This paper presents study on...

Summary Since the inception of discrete element method (DEM) over 30 years ago, significant algorithmic developments have been made to enhance performance DEM while emphasizing simulation fidelity. Nevertheless, is still a computationally expensive numerical for granular materials. In this study, new impulse‐based (iDEM) approach introduced that uses collision impulse instead contact force and directly handles velocity bypassing integration acceleration. Contact required engineering...

Vertical protruding elements are popularly used for building aesthetics, solar shading, and reduction of energy demand. However, no sufficient design guidelines available yet wind loading on curtain walls, especially those with vertical protrusions. In addition, water intrusion tests carried out by wall manufacturers use static or pseudo-dynamic loads according to testing manuals which not realistic simulate extreme wind-driven rain conditions. This study investigates the influence overall...

The primary candidate for the barrier/etch stop layer in damascene process is silicon nitride. However, nitride has a high dielectric constant. To reduce effective constant copper structure, carbide, which prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using 3 methyl silane source (Z3MS), studied diffusion barrier. of PECVD α-SiC:H varied from 4.0 to 7.0 and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra peak intensity ratio Si–CH bond Si–C also examined. reduction 3MS gas seems be...

Abstract Sinkholes have been one of the major geohazards in karst terrain and resulted loss human life, as well significant civil engineering infrastructure. Approximately 20 % United States is underlain by formed from dissolution soluble rocks, susceptible to a sinkhole hazard. Particularly, Texas, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Missouri, Kentucky, Pennsylvania are known states. Surprisingly, understanding sinkholes still poor geotechnical engineering. This paper presents discusses...

Abstract This study demonstrates the efficacy of employing Rhizopus oryzae fungus inoculum as a potential solution to improve soil erodibility in coastal environments. A set unconfined compression tests is conducted on Miami Beach sand treated with R. inoculum. Our findings suggest that effectively improves stability by acting natural binding agent. finding aligns previous studies utilized different species, such oligosporus , properties. However, notable difference observed; -treated...

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is one of many sustainable construction materials, and its use in drainage systems by replacing virgin beneficial from both economic environmental perspectives. However, the RCA as pipe backfill material may cause a long-term performance issue such clogging due to fine accumulation calcite precipitation on filter fabric. Therefore, this study investigated regarding flow rate precipitation. Long-term permeability testing was conducted measure reduction with...

Ballast is an essential layer of railroad substructure that facilitates drainage and load distribution constantly subjected repeated train loadings. Both size morphological properties the ballast aggregates therefore impact significantly overall performance railway track in terms strength, modulus permanent deformation. It crucial to have reliable inspection methods can quantitatively assess condition with respect aggregate shape as part ballasted design maintenance strategies. This paper...

Unstructured construction sites including incomplete structures and unsecured resources (e.g., materials, equipment, temporary facilities) are among the most vulnerable environments to windstorms such as hurricanes. Wind-induced cascading damages cause substantial losses, disruption, considerable schedule delays in projects. Moreover, this would negatively affect neighboring buildings interdependent infrastructures electric power transmission or transportation systems), which triggers...

FCM nuclear fuel, a concept proposed as an accident tolerant fuel in light water reactors, consists of TRISO particles embedded SiC matrix. The uniform dispersion internal the is very important for improving efficiency. In this study, sintered pellets with various volume ratios TRISO-coated were prepared by hot press sintering. distribution was quantitatively analyzed using X-ray μCT and expressed uniformity index. most uniformly dispersed only overcoated without mixing additional matrix...

This paper presents a streamlined image-based modeling-to-simulation framework to better assess the hazard vulnerability of masonry structures. In this framework, wall image is used as an input for 3D discrete element modeling and analysis. Therefore, individual bricks are directly detected from interactions explicitly considered in numerical simulation wall. The segmented first, which geometric information obtained using bespoke algorithm. Segmented then approximated into n-sided polygons...

Numerical simulation of lunar regolith and simulant is significant interest given the planned effort to establish a long term presence on Moon. The granular behavior these materials requires representation discrete particle interaction which angular in shape. This paper describes Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations with polyhedral shapes reproduce recently conducted experiments JSC-1A, soil simulant. In order account for highly JSC-1A shapes, new DEM element library was developed from...