Abstract Manganese dioxide with high theoretical capacity has drawn a great deal of attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Nevertheless, their sluggish diffusion kinetics, low electrical conductivity and limited active sites are still hindering the potential application in batteries. Herein, amorphous MnO 2 nanosheets abundant oxygen vacancies facilely prepared by using carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) as capping agent. During growth process, CMC can preferentially attach to...

Abstract Background In many countries and regions, such as the United States, Europe China, a trend has emerged in which students’ enthusiasm for STEM is declining. This decline may be related to lack of science self-efficacy. An accurate examination self-efficacy can provide research foundation how cultivate it. paper used mixed methods develop valid scale high school students, focusing on perceived competence dimension. A cross-sectional analysis exploring interpreting differences across...

ABSTRACT Exploring the factors influencing science teacher professional development (STPD) and their interactions may provide insight into promoting improving education. However, existing research mainly focuses on STPD in larger domains, such as individual, external, contextual, without paying systematic attention to connections between internal elements within domains. Therefore, this study utilized cultural‐historical activity theory (CHAT) a framework systematically explore STPD. Content...

To assess students’ conceptual understanding levels and diagnose alternative frameworks of the electrolyte concept, a measurement instrument was developed using Rasch model. This paper reports use to 559 students from grade 10 12 in two cities. The results provided both diagnostic summative information about understanding, suggesting that this had certain validity. also demonstrated Chinese mainland senior improved with increasing level, but many were entertained by at each level.

The study that is the subject of this paper tested effects EDI (explanation-driven inquiry) on students' redox conceptual understanding and their misconceptions. Two classes 119 10th grade high school students were involved. groups in same chosen. One class was taught by teaching set as treatment group another received conventional control group. Students' measured a standardised instrument, misconceptions compared. analysis covariance showed had significant understanding, results chi-square...

Abstract The polycrystalline perovskite films treated with solutions inevitably are subjected to high‐density crystal defects, significantly affecting the performance and stability of perovskite‐based photodetectors. In this research, a reasonably designed organic small molecule using piperazine iodide (PI) as an additive is employed modify films. results indicate that not only improves crystallinity film but also effectively passivates defects by modifying local electron density....

This study aims to reveal the trends and foundations in research on students’ conceptual understanding science education. The literature was selected from three recognized journals Structural Topic Model (STM) method used categorize articles into ten topics considering information about semantic cohesion exclusivity of words topics. topic, which has attracted increasing interest, using a similar standard regression analysis, its changing focus identified through an analysis contents....

The galvanic cell is a basic concept in electrochemistry. To assess mainland Chinese students’ proficiency levels cells, the Galvanic Cell Proficiency Level Assessment (GCPA) was developed based on Rasch model. GCPA through pilot test and consists of seven multiple-choice questions four open questions. assessment instrument administered to 621 high school students 11th grade, results showed good reliability validity. interview supported validity data generated by instrument.

Science teachers play a key role in successfully implementing science education reforms and providing all students with meaningful learning opportunities. Therefore, what core teaching competencies do need to have their practice? This study uses fuzzy Delphi technique Analytic Hierarchy Process approach the above problems. Experts from Chinese universities, secondary schools educational research institutions were invited participate two rounds of process. The results show that four domains...

Critical thinking, a rational and open higher-order thinking mode in human cognition, is becoming imperative to success modern life. Therefore, cultivating students’ critical has become common goal of education reform worldwide. Teachers play crucial role thinking. However, existing studies have paid little attention teachers, especially middle school teachers’ knowledge understanding this study aimed explore the perspectives ten Chinese chemistry teachers on using concept maps, aloud,...

This study uses graphs of conductivity measured by a microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) to promote students’ macro, micro, and symbolic representations when learning about net ionic reactions (NIR). A total 54 students, aged 14–15 years old participated in this research, were randomly divided into an experimental group (<italic>N</italic>= 27) control 27). The students the given MBL, while had demonstration acid–base titration experiments. results reveal that have large effect on...

This study developed and validated an instrument to investigate senior school students’ understanding of electrostatics provide a cognitive diagnostic assessment their strengths weaknesses on the related concepts (e.g., electric charge). The included 20 four-tier multiple-choice items development process is organized around two activities: its validation. step defined secondary designed using misconceptions them. In validation step, was applied 1850 high students from nine schools in...

Students have various conceptions of electrolytes in learning chemistry. The aim this study is to identify 10th grade students’ understanding the electrolyte concept by using a phenomenographic method. Eight students, whose abilities were at different levels, selected and interviewed. findings show that four distinctive categories are demonstrated, hierarchy terms logical progression among them can be developed. Finally, teaching implications given.

This study aimed to identify trends and foundations of creativity research in education using the Structural Topic Model (STM). First, English-language journal articles about included Social Science Citation Index Expanded databases were selected. Then, considering semantic cohesiveness exclusivity words topics, divided into twelve topics STM. 2, which attracted increasing interest, was selected a method similar standard regression analysis. The changing focus 2 identified through an...

Chemistry core ideas play an important role in students' chemistry learning. On the basis of representations about substances and processes Chinese Curriculum Standards (CCCS) U.S. Next Generation Science (NGSS), we conduct a critical comparison between these two documents this paper. We also discuss following reasons why there are differences representation them: different research perspectives on science education, understandings ideas, nature teaching process. Our primary intent...

Cost-effective, portable, and rapid smartphone sensors will play a critical role in bringing chemical detection technologies from central laboratories to simple laboratories, such as those of schools less-developed area. In this work, we study whether eggs Yinchuan have higher concentration ovalbumin than that ordinary eggs. We summarise previous research on built inside smartphones, well some developments the current literature, develop experimental procedure utilises light sensor analyse...

The particulate nature of matter (PNM) concept poses a significant challenge for numerous students, primarily because it is abstract and difficult to visualize. Computer simulations (CSs) can aid students in visualizing microscopic particles using particle models. Despite the wide use CSs development student understanding submicroscopic representation particles, topics such as PNM, additional representations macroscopic symbolic are typically present, which add complexity. Facilitating...

The redox reaction is a core concept of upper-secondary school chemistry curriculum. Accurate diagnosis students’ conceptual understanding the from cognitive structure perspective critical for enhancing their chemical concepts. This study utilized Bayesian networks to investigate structures Chinese students regarding reaction. A total 409 participated, with 227 in 11th grade and 182 12th grade. Seven attributes related were identified, hierarchical relationships mapped. research process...

Explaining natural phenomena by determining causal relationships is conducive to understanding scientific concepts. In science education, numerous studies examine students' reasoning. Given the importance of core ideas for students’ how and why a phenomenon occurs, study focused on relationship between atoms/molecules interactions nature This drew framework that identifies essential components reasoning, which was used analyze dissolution in example salt water. Students grades 9-12 (N=147)...