Abstract Image-based automatic classification of vector mosquitoes has been investigated for decades its practical applications such as early detection potential mosquitoes-borne diseases. However, the accuracy previous approaches never close to human experts’ and often images with certain postures body parts, flatbed wings, are required achieve good performance. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) state-of-the-art approach extracting visual features classifying objects, and, hence,...

A set of optimum mode-switching levels is derived for a generic constant-power adaptive-modulation scheme based on closed-form expression the average bit error ratio (BER) and bits-per-symbol (BPS) throughput scheme. This results in constant BER, variable-throughput arrangement. The corresponding BPS performance achievable signal-to-noise (SNR) gain are investigated assisted schemes employing various diversity schemes, including maximal combining (MRC) receive-antenna diversity,...

Since complete surveillance is essential to provide safe daily life citizen in smart cities, the issue of how achieve secure has been driven by various research communities. Also, due recent epidemic spread such as COVID-19, it obvious that we should focus on manage a cooperative framework for possible future pandemic fights and allied medical services continuously. To support those purposes, anticipated can utilize AI-assisted communications technologies using variety devices equipment,...

In recent, ZigBee is considered as a potential solution for scalable and flexible home automation systems. However, several constraints of the might create node failure or frequent link breakages thus some nodes in network become orphans. This orphan problem bring big confusion to environment which number consumer devices are interconnected multi-hop manner. Therefore, this paper, an enhanced self-configuration (ESC) scheme proposed, can improve robustness conventional ZigBee-based systems...

3G Long Term Evolution, which aims for various mobile multimedia services provision by enhanced wireless performance, proposes the VoIP-based voice service through PS domain. When delay and loss-sensitive VoIP traffic flows domain, more challenging technical difficulties are expected than in existing systems provide CS domain based service. Moreover, since LTE, adopts OFDM as its physical layer, introduces Physical Resource Block (PRB) unit transmission resources, it becomes necessary to...

The crest-factor (CF) of M-ary PSK MC-CDMA systems is shown to be dependent upon the aperiodic cross-correlations as well on autocorrelations spreading codes used. Based this observation, distributions BPSK using two different binary orthogonal sequences namely Walsh and Gold codes-as polyphase sequences-Frank Zadoff-Chu (1972) codes-are compared against that OFDM. In a 'lightly loaded' system are have better CF distributions. However, in 'fully system, exhibit best distribution amongst...

A family of large area synchronised (LAS) codes is studied, which exhibits a so-called interference free window (IFW), where both the intersymbol (ISI) and multiple user (MAI) are suppressed, provided that relative time offset within IFW. Hence, LAS have potential increasing capacity CDMA networks. However, specific drawback this sequences their relatively low duty ratio. modified algorithm proposed for determining constituent LA code's pulse positions sake improving ratio corresponding...

Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) are created by small hardware devices that possess the necessary functionalities to measure and exchange a variety of environmental data in their deployment setting. In this paper, we discuss experiments deploying testbed as first step towards creating fully functional heterogeneous wireless network-based underground monitoring system. The system is mainly composed mobile static ZigBee nodes, which deployed on mine galleries for measuring ambient temperature....

A closed form expression of the average bit error rate (BER) is derived for a Rake receiver based adaptive-modulation scheme over frequency selective slow Rayleigh fading channels. Multi-dimensional minimisation cost function on BER performed to optimise switching levels constant adaptive modulation system.

Burts-by-burst (BbB) adaptive high-speed down-link packet access (HSDPA) style multicarrier systems are reviewed, identifying their most critical design aspects. These exhibit numerous attractive features, rendering them eminently eligible for employment in next-generation wireless systems. It is argued that BbB-adaptive or symbol-by-symbol orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modems counteract the near instantaneous channel quality variations and hence attain an increased...

The crest factor properties of binary phase-shift keying modulated two- and four-code assisted multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) employing complementary-sequence-based spreading sequences are characterized. More specifically, a complementary-sequence pair, subcomplementary code Sivaswamy complementary set studied. It was found that the corresponding factors bounded by 3 dB, which corresponds to single sine wave. This low resulted in lower power loss out-of-band spectrum...

In this paper, a novel channel sharing scheme for IEEE 802.22 systems is introduced and its performance investigated. order to minimizing the number of user share one channel, status backup channels, not occupied by any adjacent users, checked. addition, condition channels neighboring users Based on these statuses, proposed selects optimal which includes non-occupied shared least in change currently use with other users. The simulation results illustrate that significant enhancement achieved...

A new honeybee in-out monitoring system is proposed using real-time deep-learning based image recognition and tracking. The specific design of beehive gate turned out to be an important factor for accurate bee movement monitoring. We check a series designs the system. novel employing heart valve structure ensuring one-way traffic bees as well one-at-a-time passing, resulting in improved detection accuracy. As framework, YOLOv4 used better honeybee-detection accuracy faster comparison YOLOv3...

Space-time block codes provide substantial diversity advantages for multiple transmit antenna systems at a low decoding complexity. In this study, we concatenate both space-time and trellis with turbo convolutional (TC) coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) achieving high coding gain. The associated performance complexity of the OFDM schemes is compared.

Symbol-by-symbol adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modems counteract the near instantaneous channel quality variations and hence attain an increased throughput in comparison to their fixed-mode counterparts. By contrast, various diversity techniques, such as RAKE receivers space-time coding mitigate effort obtain a reduced BER. This paper investigates combined system constituted by constant-power modem employing coded techniques context of both OFDM MC-CDMA. The is...

The Bit Error Rate (BER) expressions of Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) aided Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) transmitted in impulsive noise environments are derived. It is found that there a crossover point between the conventional and WHT-aided schemes' BER curves, above which WHT beneficial terms corresponding performance. exact SNR analysed its approximate closed-form expression derived for QPSK scheme based on Chernoff bound. An adaptive proposed QAM systems, where transmitter...

Adaptive modulation techniques combat fading by employing a suitable mode depending on the instantaneous channel conditions for improving Bit Error Rate (BER) performance or average throughput. Based generic model of constant-power adaptive modulation, exact closed form expressions BER and throughput are derived, when square Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) as constituent modes, operating over Nakagami channel. The optimum modulation-mode switching levels,...

This paper presents a novel leak locating system to identify precise position of spots underground water supply pipelines. The has been studied and developed upon excellent foundation with modern mobile communication technology the internet. However, algorithm in new requires knowing exact acoustical wave speed inside water-filled pipelines accurate time arrival difference between sensors detect location. Especially is calculated optimal maximum likelihood method. For demonstration system,...