Understanding ripening and senescence processes in postharvest stored fruit is key to the identification implementation of effective treatment methods. Here, we explored effects exogenous applications melatonin (MT) nitric oxide (NO) on softening three cultivars European pear ( Pyrus communis L.). The results showed that MT NO played important roles two processes: they decreased rate upregulation PcCel PcPG, inhibited expression ethylene synthetase genes PcACS PcACO), reduced rates...

Phytohormones play crucial roles in fruit set regulation and development. Here, gibberellins (GA4+7), but not GA3, induced pear parthenocarpy. To systematically investigate the changes upon GA4+7 parthenocarpy, dynamic histology, hormone transcript levels were observed identified unpollinated, pollinated GA4+7-treated ovaries. Mesocarp cells continued developing both In unpollinated ovaries, mesocarp stopped 14 days after anthesis. During process, GA4+7, GA1+3, increased pollination....

Parthenocarpy, the production of seedless fruit without fertilization, has a variety valuable qualities, especially for self-incompatible species, such as pear. To explore whether melatonin (MT) induces parthenocarpy, we used 'Starkrimson' pear material morphological observations. According to our results, exogenous MT promoted expansion and division mesocarp cells in manner similar hand pollination. However, seeds MT-treated were undeveloped aborted later fruit-setting stage. further...

Aroma affects the sensory quality of fruit and, consequently, consumer satisfaction. Melatonin (MT) is a plant growth regulator used to delay senescence in postharvest during storage; however, its effect on aroma pear remains unclear. In this study, we assessed effects 0.1 mmol L-1 MT volatiles and associated gene expression cultivars 'Korla' (Pyrus brestschneideri Rehd) 'Abbé Fetel' communis L.). mainly affected production C6 aromatic substances two varieties. 'Korla', inhibited PbHPL,...

Parthenocarpy, the productions of seedless fruit without pollination or fertilization, is a potentially desirable trait in many commercially grown fruits, especially pear, which self-incompatible. Phytohormones play important roles set, process crucial for parthenocarpy. In this study, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an artificially synthesized plant growth regulator with functions similar to auxin, was found induce parthenocarpy pear. Histological observations revealed that 2,4-D...

Fruit set and development occur following successful fertilization. Parthenocarpy, a valuable trait in some self-incompatible species, produces seedless fruit without Gibberellin (GA) is crucial hormone fruit-set regulation development. While investigating the of parthenocarpy pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), we determined that GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox) may play key roles Sequence analysis revealed three PbGA20ox genes: PbGA20ox1, PbGA20ox2, PbGA20ox3. We analyzed expression patterns...

The synthesis of anthocyanin in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) fruit is regulated by light. However, little known about the molecular mechanisms coloring mediated upstream light-signaling regulators. Here, photoresponse factors CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP) 1.1 and 1.2 were cloned from 'Red Zaosu' peel to study their functions coloring. overexpression vectors pBI121-PbCOP1.1 pBI121-PbCOP1.2 constructed analyze effects on fruit. A protein sequence alignment phylogenetic tree analysis...

PIN-FORMED (PIN) encodes a key auxin polar transport family that plays crucial role in the outward of and several growth development processes, including dwarfing trees. We identified pear rootstock ‘OHF51’ (Pyrus communis), which limits vigor ‘Xueqing’ bretschneideri × Pyrus pyrifolia) scion, isolated 14 putative PbPINs from bretschneideri. The phylogenic relationships, structure, promoter regions, expression patterns were analyzed. classified into two main groups based on protein domain...

KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the TF family play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses abiotic biotic stress. However, little information is available on KNOX pear ( Pyrus ). In this study, 19 PbKNOXs TFs were re-identified bretschneideri Rehd.). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that clustered into three groups with 10 conserved motifs, some of which group- or subgroup-specific, implying they are for functions these clades. PbKNM1...

Abstract Ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea , is an important fungal disease of pear fruit during postharvest storage. Melatonin, as a plant growth regulator, plays role in enhancing the stress resistance fruits. It enhances fruits to ring rot their antioxidant capacity. However, underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined effect melatonin on B. . Results showed that did not limit vitro culture. metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses ‘Whangkeumbae’ ( Pyrus...

Different chemical activation of humic acid from weathered coal affect the growth tomatoes and cabbage: Crop productivity is basis certain nutrients for human life which depends on amount available nutrient in soil. Humic acids (HA) are major constituent organic oxidation products formed surface with various molecular weights different conditions, they soluble alkaline solutions but become insoluble acidic solutions. HA activated new production preparations to be used branch agriculture...

The quality of seedlings is an important factor for development the pear industry. A strong seedling with few branches and suitable internodes ideal material as a rootstock grafting breeding. Several branching mutants rootstocks were identified previously. In present study, ‘QAU-D03’ ( Pyrus communis L.) it’s used to explore mechanism that affects branch formation by conducting phenotypic trait assessment, hormone content analysis, transcriptome analysis. mutant plant (MP) showed fewer...

Differences in coloration exist among red pear cultivars. Here, we selected six cultivars with different genetic backgrounds to elucidate the characteristics of fruit pigmentation. We detected anthocyanin contents and expression levels synthesis-related genes these at stages development. The all showed a rise–drop tendency. Principal component hierarchical cluster analyses were used distinguish types crucial each accumulation pattern. divided into three groups. Red Zaosu clustered one group,...

Iron is essential for the growth and development of trace elements in plants, iron deficiency can lead to leaf chlorosis. Ammonium nitrate are major forms nitrogen present soils. alleviates chlorosis leaves caused by deficiency, but mechanism not clear pear.Ammonium induced increase nitric oxide (NO) under deficiency. We further analyzed effect NO exogenous treatment. The results showed that ammonium increased activity ferric chelate reductase. expression multiple IRT genes promoted...

Understanding the role of humic substances in soils is important for developing and utilizing organic fertilizers or soil amendments sustainable agriculture. The objective this study was to determine effects different fractions acids derived from Leonardite on enzymatic activities bioavailability nutrients a soil. experiment carried out by mixing factions with incubated 70 d. treatments included five (HS1 (low molecular weight), HS2 (medium HS3 (large weight, SED (sediment fractions), HS...

Pear (Pyrus L.) is an important temperate fruit worldwide, and grafting widely used in pear vegetative propagation. However, the mechanisms of graft healing or incompatibility remain poorly understood Pyrus. To study differences Pyrus, homograft "Qingzhen D1/Qingzhen D1" heterograft "QAUP-1/Qingzhen as compatibility combinations were compared. Anatomical indicated process was faster homografts than heterografts. During process, four critical stages union formation identified two types...

Postharvest ripening is correlated to the quality and shelf life of European pear fruit. In this study, effects peppermint extract on fruit phenotype, related physiological activities, aroma components during postharvest variety ‘Packham’s Triumph’ were examined. Fruit treated with 2.0 g L−1 for 12 h showed delayed softening by 4 d compared that untreated control group. The peak values ethylene respiratory rate in reduced a certain extent after treatment; however, did not delay occurrence...

Cork spot is a common physiological disorder in pear fruits, which has been found some cultivars. Mineral nutrition imbalance fruit regarded as the principal influence factor for incidence, with ongoing confusion and controversy. In our research, we explored cork characteristics Japanese ‘Akizuki’ (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), adopted metabolome mineral content analysis healthy disordered made correlation of metabolites. spots are mainly distributed on outer flesh beneath peel. spotted tissues,...

One of the essential epigenetic processes in higher eukaryotes, DNA methylation is for maintaining genome integrity and influencing gene expression. There aren't many research on how plant growth regulators (PGR) affect during pear callus formation process. In this work, By using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), caused by various quantities thidiazuron (TDZ) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was compared. The concentrations TDZ IBA could induction rate level. It discovered...