Recent morphological and molecular evidence has changed interpretations of arthropod phylogeny evolution. Here we compare complete mitochondrial genomes to show that Collembola, a wingless group traditionally considered as basal all insects, appears instead constitute separate evolutionary lineage branched much earlier than the separation many crustaceans insects independently adapted life on land. Therefore, taxon Hexapoda, commonly defined include six-legged arthropods, is not monophyletic.

Abstract The olive fly, Bactrocera oleae , is the major pest of olives in most commercial olive‐growing regions worldwide. species abundant Mediterranean basin and has been introduced recently into California Mexico, creating problems for quarantine protection international trade. Here, we use nuclear microsatellite markers mitochondrial sequences to examine history fly range expansion colonization. Sampled populations span current distribution worldwide, including South Central Africa,...

Abstract Background The phylogeny of Arthropoda is still a matter harsh debate among systematists, and significant disagreement exists between morphological molecular studies. In particular, while the taxon joining hexapods crustaceans (the Pancrustacea) now widely accepted zoologists, relationships its basal lineages, particularly supposed reciprocal paraphyly Crustacea Hexapoda, continues to represent challenge. Several genes, as well different markers, have been used tackle this problem...

We present the complete 15,455-nt mitochondrial DNA sequence of springtail Tetrodontophora bielanensis (Arthropoda, Hexapoda, Collembola). The gene content is typical most metazoans, with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 encoding for ribosomal RNA subunits, and 22 tRNA genes. nucleotide shows well-known A+T bias insect mtDNA; its lower (72.7%) than that observed in other species, but still higher arthropodan taxa. appears to be uniform across whole molecule, unlike taxa, which show...

The growing interest in Antarctic collembolan species has led us to re-evaluate both the morphological and molecular aspects of different adapted extreme environment. genus Folsomotoma includes nine mainly distributed subantarctic areas a few additionally from Australia South America. We herein designate neotype octooculata (Willem 1901) redescribe its characters with particular emphasis on sensory ordinary chaetotaxy. Furthermore, based analyses our new previously published data for F....

We describe and delimit with integrative taxonomy the new springtail species Desoria calderonis sp. nov. (Collembola: Isotomidae). This cryophilic is strictly linked to supraglacial stony debris of isolated Calderone glacier (Central Apennines, Italy), one southernmost glaciers Europe. could belong nivalis-complex, a group European mountain included in violacea-group. Genetic analysis (COI mtDNA barcoding) confirms morphological attribution genus Nicolet Desor, 1841, but highlights that...

Complete mitochondrial genome data are frequently applied to address phylogenetic/phylogeographic issues at different taxonomic levels in ecology and evolution. While sample preparation/sequencing is becoming more straightforward thanks dropping costs for next-generation sequencing (NGS), preparation visualization remains a manually intensive step that may lead errors if improperly conducted. We have elaborated, here introduce, EZmito, simple intuitive, freely accessible Web Server aimed...

The complete sequence of the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) mitochondrial genome has been determined. Two independent haplotypes, from flies distant geographical origin (Italy and Portugal) were completely sequenced. molecule is 15815 bp long, shows gene content organization typical insects, namely thirteen protein coding genes (PCGs) encoding proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, two rRNAs, twenty-two tRNAs a long (949 bp) noncoding region. genomes specimens share same arrangement,...

Abstract Aim We examined the genetic structure among populations and regions for springtails Cryptopygus antarcticus Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola) to identify potential historical refugia subsequent colonization routes, examine population growth/expansion relative ages of divergence. Location Antarctic Peninsula C. a. ; continent (southern Victoria Land) G. . Methods Samples were collected from 24 28 locations across southern Land , respectively. used genetic, demographic nested...

Collembola (springtails) are an early diverging class of apterygotes, and mark the first substantial radiation hexapods on land. Despite extensive work, relationships between major collembolan lineages still debated and, apart from Early Devonian fossil Rhyniella praecursor, which demonstrates their antiquity, time frame springtail evolution is unknown. In this study, we sequence two new mitochondrial genomes reanalyze all known mt-genomes, including selected metagenomic data, to produce...

The invertebrate terrestrial fauna of Antarctica is being investigated with increasing interest to discover how life interacts the extreme polar environment and millions years evolution have shaped their biodiversity. Classical taxonomic approaches, complemented by molecular tools, are improving our understanding systematic relationships some species, changing nomenclature taxa challenging status others. springtail Friesea grisea has previously been described as only species a...

Mitogenomics data, i.e. complete mitochondrial genome sequences, are popular molecular markers used for phylogenetic, phylogeographic and ecological studies in different animal lineages. Their comparative analysis has been to shed light on the evolutionary history of given taxa processes that regulate evolution genome. A considerable literature is available fields invertebrate biochemical ecophysiological adaptation extreme environmental conditions, exemplified by those Antarctic....

Abstract Plastic pollution has become a serious issue of global concern, and biodegradation plastic wastes is representing one attractive environment-friendly alternative to traditional disposal paths. It known that insects are involved in the polymer degradation process, with reported evidence tenebrionid beetle larvae capable degrade polystyrene (PS), most used plastics worldwide. Recently, ribosomal RNA based survey on insect gut microbiota lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus revealed...

Abstract Plastic pollution is a significant environmental challenge of contemporary age. Polystyrene (PS), among the most commonly used plastic polymers worldwide, highly durable and difficult to degrade. Despite various disposal strategies, PS continues impact biodiversity, human health, ecosystems. Recently, scientific community has focused on potential role microorganisms for biodegradation, particularly those from gut plastivorous insects. In previous study, three bacterial strains, each...

Abstract Isolation and extreme environmental conditions have significantly impacted terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity in Antarctica, with glacial cycles further limiting animal diversity to a small number of species. Among these, springtails are relatively abundant, though their taxonomic remains low. Antarctic glaciers may serve as major dispersal barriers, leading high levels genetic divergence among isolated populations. In Victoria Land (continental Antarctica), the Tucker Glacier...

Abstract Aim We tested whether the distribution of three common springtail species ( Gressittacantha terranova , Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni and Friesea grisea ) in Victoria Land (Antarctica) could be modelled as a function latitude, longitude, altitude distance from sea. Location Land, Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Methods Generalized linear models were constructed using presence/absence data relative to geographical features (latitude, altitude, sea) across species’ entire ranges. Model...

The phylogenetic position of the Protura, traditionally considered most basal hexapod group, is disputed because it has many unique morphological characters compared with other hexapods. Although mitochondrial genome information been used extensively in studies, such not available for Protura. This impeded studies on this taxon, as well evolution arthropod genome.In study, Sinentomon erythranum was sequenced, first proturan species to be reported. contains a number special features that...

Collembola are an ancient and early diverging lineage of basal hexapods that occur in virtually all terrestrial habitats on Earth. Phylogenetic relationships between the different orders fiercely debated. Despite a range studies application both morphological genetic approaches (singly or combination) to assess evolutionary major lineages group, no consensus has been reached. Several mitogenome sequences have published for key taxa class (and their number is increasing rapidly). Here, we...