Abstract This study examined age‐related differences in the ERP correlates of external feedback processing (i.e., feedback‐related negativity [ FRN ]) adolescent and young adult males, using a simple gambling task involving unpredictable monetary losses gains low high magnitude. The was larger after than gains, modulated by magnitude but not losses, for all participants regardless age. amplitude adolescents adults also discriminated relatively less strongly between adolescents. In addition,...

Poor decision making during adolescence occurs most frequently when situations are emotionally charged. However, relatively few studies have measured the development of cognitive control in response to emotional stimuli this population. This study used both affective (emotional faces) and non-affective (letter) two different flanker tasks assess ability ignore task-irrelevant but distracting information, 25 adults adolescents. On non-emotional task, presence incongruent flanking letters...

task, affective, non-affective, risk takingPoor decision making during adolescence occurs most frequently when situations are emotionally charged.however, relatively few studies have measured the development of cognitive control in response to emotional stimuli this population.this study used both affective (emotional faces) and non-affective (letter) two different flanker tasks assess ability ignore taskirrelevant but distracting information, 25 adults adolescents.on non-emotional presence...

Abstract Criminal legal systems around the world rely heavily on defendants foregoing their right to trial and pleading guilty. However, scholars, social scientists, practitioners have identified empirically examined numerous problems with pleas, such as high potential for coercion, innocent falsely guilty, undue incentives in exchange accepting plea offer. In this article, leading guilty experts (practitioners researchers) were asked identify what they considered be most urgent questions...

While there is a large body of research on the legal capacities adolescents, this largely has neglected plea-deal context. To learn about adolescents’ understanding plea process and their appreciation short- long-term consequences accepting deal, we conducted interviews with 40 juveniles who were offered deals in adult criminal court. Participants displayed limited process, not fully aware options appeared to be overly influenced by short-term benefits associated deals. Limited contact...

To date, most research on plea bargaining has used some form of the shadow trial (SOT) model to frame defendant decisions. In this research, we proposed and tested a new conceptual decision-making, based fuzzy-trace theory (FTT), for context in which nondetained, guilty chooses between or trial, where both potential sentence entail incarceration.We predicted that decisions would be affected by (a) meaningful, categorical changes conviction probability (e.g., low moderate, moderate high), as...

A psycholegal research agenda on guilty pleas is in its nascent stage. Multijurisdictional surveys of related law and policy may advance this by focusing investigators the specifics existing policies motivating cross‐jurisdictional comparisons diverse policies. We thus conducted a systematic, national survey statutes, regulations court rules across United States pertaining to nine aspects plea process, including sentencing differentials, collateral consequences waiver rights, which have been...

Adolescence has frequently been characterized as a period of increased risk taking, which may be largely driven by maturational changes in neural areas that process incentives. To investigate age- and gender-related differences reward processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 80 participants gambling game, monetary wins losses were either large or small. We measured two ERP components: the feedback-related negativity (FRN) feedback P3 (fP3). The FRN was sensitive to size...

Background Most criminal convictions are a result of guilty pleas. Concerns have been raised that large differentials between plea and potential trial sentences can be coercive to some defendants, especially when the threat sentence is very large. The limited research, date, suggests likelihood pleading goes up with increasing size sentence. However, existing studies failed separate effects discount; as result, in almost all studies, paired discounts small discounts, making it difficult know...

Objective: COVID-19 has impacted many facets of daily life and the legal system is no exception.Legal scholars have hypothesized that effects pandemic may contribute to more coercive plea bargains (Cannon, 2020;Johnson, 2020).In this study, we explored defense attorneys' perceptions whether how process changed during pandemic.Hypotheses: This study was exploratory, made a priori hypotheses.Method: We surveyed 93 practicing United States attorneys about their affected court procedures,...

Few studies have examined differences in the guilty plea decisions of youth and adults. In interviews with 64 (X = 15.9, SD 1.2) 56 adults 38.5, 11.5) who pleaded to felonies New York City, we found important between youths their understanding process, factors they considered when making decisions, rationales for decisions. Youth were less likely recognize that a resulted criminal record understand trial reported having fewer potential outcomes decision than Like adults, overwhelmingly...

Objective: We examined how probability of conviction affects the maximum plea sentence mock defendants will accept. Hypothesis: Relying on Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), we hypothesized that, relative to expected value trial, participants would need increasingly better sentences as increased and settle for worse than trial when was very low. Method: manipulated potential in a series three between-subjects experiments, with Amazon Mechanical Turk assigned role guilty defendants....

Abstract Teens often engage in risk taking. Avoiding may be aided by rapid access to cognitive models for danger. This study investigated whether these schemata are immature adolescence. An N400 sentential priming paradigm compared risky, predictable, and incongruent sentence processing adolescents adults. Adults teens processed predictable sentences similarly, as evidenced equivalent priming. However, adults, more activation was required final words a risky than when the situation benign....

We investigated whether students in psychology-based learning communities (LCs; i.e., cohorts who took introductory psychology and English together) performed better on tests than those standard classes. There were two types of LC; one (connected LC), we created links between by using class readings that related to the social unit, requiring produce interdisciplinary group podcasts. In other (unconnected there no connections. Students connected LC had higher mean test scores both unconnected...

Relatively little is known about how emotional stimuli affect attentional processing during adolescence. Neuroimaging data suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) central to integration of these processes and ACC still maturing in teenagers. A face flanker task required identification expression a when flanked by either congruent or incongruent facial expressions was administered both adolescents adults. Performance also measured on more traditional letter task, where target...

Recognizing that nonmalingering criminal subjects often elevate both the Infrequency (F) and Psychopathology (Fp) scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), Megargee (2004) developed Criminal Offender (Fc) scale, which includes items infrequently endorsed by offenders. This study compared MMPI-2 F, F(p), Fb Fc elevations defendants who classified as malingering or not using Structured Interview Reported Symptoms (SIRS). Results Logistic Regression Analyses suggested...

Objective: The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a standardized mental status screening instrument initially developed for assessment and tracking concussion symptoms in athletes. purpose the current study was to validate utility SAC as an embedded measure insufficient effort independent medical examinations (IME) personal injury cases. Method: A known-groups design used examine SAC’s detection 75 de-identified private IME civil litigation evaluations. Initial classifications...

Teenagers are generally more vulnerable to emotional distractions than adults, which may partly explain relatively poorer decision-making in this population. We have previously shown that performance on a flanker task is mature by mid-adolescence for letter stimuli but not face stimuli. This follow-up study investigated how attention central affective modified the presence of both affectively-opposite and affectively-neutral adolescents adults. Since fMRI data suggest repeated presentation...

In the United States, juvenile offenders are often excluded from jurisdiction of court on basis age and crime type alone. Data national surveys data psycholegal research support for adult sanction at odds. The ways in which questions asked level detail provided to respondents participants may influence expressed opinions. Respondents also be more likely agree with harsh sanctions when they have fewer offender- case-specific details consider. Here, we test hypothesis that attitudes supporting...