Abstract The administration of synthetic steroid copies is one the most important issues facing sports. Doping control laboratories accredited by World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) require methods analysis that allow endogenous steroids to be distinguished from their analogs in urine. ability measure isotope distribution at natural abundance with high accuracy and precision has increased application Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS) doping recent years....

The term 'gene doping' is used to describe the use of any unauthorized gene therapy techniques. We developed a test for five likely candidate genes equine doping: EPO, FST, GH1, IGF1, and ILRN1. based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) includes separate screening confirmation assays that detect different unique targets in each transgene. For doping material, we nonviral (plasmid) viral (recombinant adeno-associated virus) vectors carrying complementary DNA targeted genes; were...

Abstract Conventional chemical profiling of methylamphetamine has been used for many years to determine the synthetic route employed and where possible identify precursor chemicals used. In this study stable isotope ratio analysis was investigated as a means determining origin precursors, ephedrine pseudoephedrine. Ephedrine pseudoephedrine may be prepared industrially by several routes. Results are presented ratios carbon ( δ 13 C), nitrogen 15 N) hydrogen 2 H) measured in samples...

Abstract Gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS) is the preferred method of confirming administration exogenous testosterone by athletes. This relies on synthetic preparations being depleted in 13 C compared to natural testosterone. There concern, however, about existence products that are unexpectedly C‐enriched and which may allow athletes circumvent current GC‐C‐IRMS test. Further reported studies legitimate pharmaceutical‐grade products, a detailed...

Gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS) is now established as a robust and mature analytical technique for the doping control of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids in human sport. It relies on assumption that carbon isotope ratios naturally produced are significantly different to synthetically manufactured testosterone or prohormones used commercial medical dietary supplement products. Recent publications this journal have highlighted existence black...

The study of urinary phase II sulfate metabolites is central to understanding the role and fate endogenous exogenous compounds in biological systems. This describes a new workflow for untargeted metabolic profiling sulfated urine matrix. Analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) with data dependent acquisition (DDA) coupled an automated script-based processing pipeline differential metabolite level...

ABSTRACT Sports supplements are used extensively by people involved in competitive sports. However, a proportion of sports contain World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited Substances, which have the potential to cause an anti‐doping rule violation (ADRV). In 2022, Sport Integrity Australia (SIA) contracted Human and Supplements Testing (HASTA) purchase analyse 200 supplement products available Australian online marketplace. The aim survey was determine likelihood purchasing product...

The use of gas chromatography (GC)-combustion (C)-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) demonstrates that a single oral administration dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 100 mg) to male subject significantly lowers the 13C content etiocholanolone (Et) and androsterone (A) in subject's urine. difference carbon isotope (d13C per thousand) values between Et A increases from 1.6 thousand at time 5.1 26 h post-administration, indicating preferential metabolism administered DHEA form relation A....

Studies have shown that the administration of androstenedione (ADIONE) significantly increases urinary ratio testosterone glucuronide to epitestosterone (T/E) - measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in subjects with a normal ( approximately 1) or naturally high (>1) initial values. However, T/E has been not increase low (<1) Such cases then rely on detection C(6)-hydroxylated metabolites be indicative ADIONE administration. While these markers may routine GC/MS steroid...

Conventional chemical profiling of methylamphetamine has long been employed by national forensic laboratories to determine the synthetic route and where possible precursor chemicals used in its manufacture. This laboratory studying use stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis as a complementary technique conventional fully illicit drugs such methylamphetamine. As part these investigations carbon (δ 13 C), nitrogen 15 N), hydrogen 2 H) values ephedrine pseudoephedrine resulting...

The hydrolysis of sulfate ester conjugates is frequently required prior to analysis for a range analytical techniques including gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Sulfate may be achieved with commercial crude arylsulfatase enzyme preparations such as that derived from Helix pomatia but these contain additional activities glucuronidase, oxidase, and reductase make them unsuitable many applications. Strong acid can also used hydrolyze esters this lead analyte degradation or...

The move towards personalized medicine derived from individually focused clinical chemistry measurements has been translated by the human anti-doping movement over past decade into developing athlete biological passport. There is considerable potential for animal sports to adapt this model facilitate an intelligence-based system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hallucinogenic phenethylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C-X) and their N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivatives (25X-NBOMe) have seen an increase in novel analogues recent years. These rapidly changing make it difficult for laboratories to rely on traditional targeted screening methods detect unknown new psychoactive substances (NPS). In this study, twelve 2C-X, six 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines (DOX), fourteen 25X-NBOMe derivatives, including two deuterated (2C-B-d6 25I-NBOMe-d9 ), were...

Previous work in these laboratories and by Butzenlechner et al. Culp has demonstrated that the delta(2)H isotope value of industrial benzaldehyde produced catalytic oxidation toluene is profoundly positive, usually range +300 per thousand to +500 thousand. Synthetic routes leading amphetamine, methylamphetamine or their precursors commencing with such may be expected exhibit unusually positive values. Results are presented for delta(13)C values 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene synthesized from an...

Abstract Adrenosterone (androst‐4‐ene‐3,11,17‐trione, 11‐oxoandrostenedione) is an endogenous steroid hormone that has been promoted as a dietary supplement capable of reducing body fat and increasing muscle mass. It proposed adrenosterone may function inhibitor the 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β‐HSD1), which primarily responsible for reactivation cortisol from cortisone. The urinary metabolism was investigated, after single oral administration in two male subjects, by...

The continual introduction of a large number new psychoactive substances, along with the turnover these necessitates development non-targeted detection strategies to keep pace ever-changing drug market. production certified reference materials often lags behind substances market, therefore need be able function without relying on or library spectra. Synthetic opioids have recently emerged as class particular concern due health issues caused by their incredibly high potency. A common method...

Abstract An improved screening workflow and a robust capillary flow LC–MS confirmatory method for the detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been implemented to increase sensitivity rHuEPO reduce number suspect samples committed testing. The influence repeated dosing epoetin‐β on window in equine plasma was assessed using optimised method. Samples were initially an economical R&amp;D Human EPO Duo‐Set ELISA Development System. indicating result greater than batch baseline...

ABSTRACT Despite the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) regulation associated with heavy sanctions, abuse prohibited substances must be identified and deterred throughout horses' athletic careers, such as administration recombinant growth hormone (rGH). GH is naturally produced in mammal organisms to stimulate growth. Thus, rGH can enhance performance horses by expanding some physical abilities. As measuring endogenous levels complex, an indirect strategy monitor...