Abstract Despite being the main sediment entrainment mechanism in aeolian transport, granular splash is still poorly understood. We provide a deeper insight into dynamics of sand and snow ejection with stochastic model derived from energy momentum conservation laws. Our analysis highlights that regime uniform inherently different heterogeneous sand. Moreover, we show cohesive presents mixed regime, statistically controlled either by or depending on impact velocity. The proposed formulation...

Abstract Wind‐blown sand is the main driver of dune development and dust emission from soils thus fundamental importance for geomorphology, ecology, climate, air quality. Even though transport driven by nonstationary turbulent winds, inherently intermittent, current parameterizations in atmospheric models assume stationary wind continuous transport. We draw on extensive field measurements to show that neglecting saltation intermittency causes biases timing intensity predicted fluxes. present...

Abstract Preferential deposition of snow and dust over complex terrain is responsible for a wide range environmental processes accounts significant source uncertainty in the surface mass balances cold arid regions. Despite growing body literature on subject, previous studies reported contradictory results location magnitude maxima minima. This study aims at unraveling governing preferential neutrally stable atmosphere to reconcile seemingly inconsistent works. For this purpose, comprehensive...

Abstract Understanding the dynamics driving transformation of snowfall crystals into blowing snow particles is critical to correctly account for energy and mass balances in polar alpine regions. Here we propose a fragmentation theory fractal that explicitly links size distribution falling crystals. We use discrete element modeling process support assumptions made our theory. By combining this model with statistical mechanics snow, are able reproduce characteristic features distributions...

Abstract The wind‐driven saltation of granular material plays a key role in various geophysical processes on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Titan. Although interparticle cohesion is known to limit the number grains lifted from surface through aerodynamic entrainment splash, development onset steady state still poorly understood. Using numerical model based discrete element method, we show that over cohesive beds sustains itself at wind speeds 1 order magnitude smaller than those necessary initiate...

Abstract The surface of the Earth is snow‐covered at least seasonally over large areas. This snow highly dynamic, particularly under influence strong winds. motion particles driven by wind not only changes cover but has important consequences for atmosphere in that it adds mass and moisture extracts heat. Large scale meteorological climatological models neglect these dynamics or produce conflicting results from too simplified process representation. With recent progress detailed...

Abstract. The assessment of flood risks in alpine, snow-covered catchments requires an understanding the linkage between snow cover, soil and discharge stream network. Here, we apply comprehensive, distributed model Alpine3D to investigate role moisture predisposition Dischma catchment Switzerland high flows from rainfall snowmelt. recently updated module physics-based multilayer cover SNOWPACK, which solves surface energy mass balance Alpine3D, is verified against measurements at seven...

Abstract. Climate change is expected to strongly impact the hydrological and thermal regimes of Alpine rivers within coming decades. In this context, development models accounting for specific dynamics catchments appears as one promising approaches reduce our uncertainty future mountain hydrology. This paper describes improvements brought StreamFlow, an existing model stream temperature prediction built external extension physically based snow Alpine3D. StreamFlow's source code has been...

The influence of drifting and blowing snow on surface mass energy exchange is difficult to quantify due limitations in both measurements models, but still potentially very important over large areas with seasonal or perennial cover. We present a unique set that make possible the calculation turbulent moisture, heat, momentum fluxes during conditions snow. From data, Monin-Obukhov estimation bulk compared eddy-covariance-derived fluxes. In addition, large-eddy simulations sublimating...

Abstract Solar radiation is a dominant driver of snowmelt dynamics and streamflow generation in alpine catchments. A better understanding how solar patterns affect the hydrologic response needed to assess when calibrated temperature‐index models are likely be spatially transferable for ecohydrological applications. We induce different Swiss Alpine catchment through virtual rotations digital elevation model. Streamflow simulations performed at spatial scales explicit hydrological model...

Abstract This paper presents a spatially explicit model for hydrothermal response simulations of Alpine catchments, accounting advective and nonadvective energy fluxes in stream networks characterized by arbitrary degrees geomorphological complexity. The relevance the work stems from increasing scientific interest concerning impacts warming climate on water resources management temperature‐controlled ecological processes. description is cast travel time formulation transport, resulting...

Abstract Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is characterized by gigantic linear dunes and an active dust cycle. Much like on Earth, these aeolian processes are caused wind‐driven saltation surface grains. It still unclear, however, how Titan can occur despite typically weak winds potentially cohesive Here, we explore hypothesis that may be sustained at lower wind speeds than previously thought, primarily through granular splash rather aerodynamic lifting We propose a mass flux...

Abstract. The Thorpe and Mason (TM) model for calculating the mass lost from a sublimating snow grain is basis of all existing small- large-scale estimates drifting sublimation associated balance polar alpine regions. We revisit this to test its validity saltating grains. It shown that numerical solutions unsteady heat equations an individual reconcile well with steady-state solution TM model, albeit after transient regime. Using large-eddy simulations (LESs), it found residence time typical...

When large volumes of fluids are removed from or injected into underground formations for, e.g., hydrocarbon and water production, [Formula: see text] storage, gas geothermal energy exploitation, monitoring surface deformations coupled to numerical modeling improves our understanding reservoir behavior. The ability accurately simulate displacements, however, is often impaired by limited information on geometry, waterdrive strength, fluid-geomechanical parameters characterizing the geologic...

Abstract North Atlantic hurricanes are a major driver of property losses in the United States and critical peril for reinsurance industry globally. We leverage insurance loss data stochastic modeling to investigate impacts projected changes hurricane climatology on industry, +2 °C +4 warming scenarios. find that, relative historical baseline 1950-2022, expected wind speed rainfall may increase by 5% −15% (+2 °C) 10% − 30% (+4 °C), with greater at lower return periods than tail. The 100-year...

The scientific community has developed a keen interest in the processes driving hydrologic cycle alpine regions. concern mainly stems from vulnerability of snow-covered environments to warming temperatures, such that entire ecological and social systems are at stake. Snow ice storages regions are, fact, fundamental water resources for large dry lowland areas western Americas, central Asia, northern India, southern Europe. Snowmelt is also principal control on thermal regimes streams, which...

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. Version RecordESSOAr is a venue early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Modeling snow saltation: effect grain size interparticle cohesionAuthorsDaniela BritoMeloiDVarunSharmaiDFrancescoComolaiDArminSigmundMichaelLehningSee all...

Abstract The insurance industry uses mathematical models to estimate the risks due future natural catastrophes. For climate‐related risks, historical climate data are a key ingredient used in making models. Historical for temperature and sea level often show clear readily quantified change driven trends, these trends would typically be accounted when building risk by adjusting earlier values render relevant climate. other variables, such as rainfall many parts of world, questions whether...

Abstract. The Thorpe and Mason (TM) model for calculating the mass lost from a sublimating snow grain is basis of all existing small large-scale estimates drifting sublimation associated balance polar alpine regions. We revisit this to test its validity saltating grains. It shown that numerical solutions unsteady heat equations an individual reconcile well with steady-state solution TM model, albeit after transient regime. Using large-eddy simulations (LES), it found residence time typical...

Abstract. Climate change is expected to strongly impact the hydrological and thermal regimes of Alpine rivers within coming decades. In this context, development models accounting for specific dynamics catchments appears as a one promising approaches reduce our uncertainty on future mountain hydrology. This paper describes improvements brought StreamFlow, an existing model stream temperature prediction built external extension physically-based snow Alpine3D. StreamFlow's source code has been...