A5012005202- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Monash University
2016-2025
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
2024-2025
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
2015-2024
OmniActive Health Technologies (United States)
2024
UK Health Security Agency
2022-2024
Public Health England
2003-2022
Boston Children's Hospital
2021
Marietta College
2012-2021
Faculdades Oswaldo Cruz
2020
Deakin University
2016
Encephalitis has many causes, but for most patients the cause is unknown. We aimed to establish and identify clinical differences between causes in with encephalitis England.Patients of all ages symptoms suggestive were actively recruited 2 years (staged start October, 2005, November, 2006) from 24 hospitals by staff. Systematic laboratory testing included PCR antibody assays commonly recognised infectious encephalitis, investigation less immunocompromised patients, travel-related if...
Background. Encephalitis continues to result in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances diagnosis management have been limited, part, by a lack of consensus on case definitions, standardized diagnostic approaches, priorities for research.
Abstract Molecular studies suggest that the simian polyomavirus SV40 is present in human population, possibly introduced contaminated polio vaccine. However, no recent seroepidemiological data exist England on or two polyomaviruses, BKV and JCV. A comparative age seroprevalence study was undertaken 2,435 residual sera from 1991 by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) for JCV, virus neutralisation SV40. The overall rates of seropositivity JCV were 81% 35%, respectively, each significantly...
A critical component of laboratory surveillance for measles is the genetic characterization circulating wild-type viruses. The World Health Organization (WHO) Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (LabNet), provides standardized testing in 183 countries supports currently strains goal this report to describe lessons learned from nearly 20 years virologic measles, global databases sequences, provide regional updates about genotypes detected by recent activities. Virologic now well...
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged recently as global health threat, causing pandemic in the Americas. ZIKV infection mostly causes mild disease, but linked to devastating congenital birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome adults. The high level of cross-reactivity among flaviviruses their cocirculation has complicated serological approaches differentially detect dengue (DENV) infections, accentuating urgent need for specific sensitive test. We previously...
Abstract To gain understanding of surveillance and epidemiology viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe, we compiled data from 10 systems the Foodborne Viruses Europe network. Established found Norovirus to be responsible for >85% (N=3,714) all nonbacterial reported 1995 2000. However, absolute number population-based rates differed markedly among European systems. A wide range estimates importance foodborne transmission were also found. We review these differences within context sources...
Objective To determine whether surgical residency training has influenced the occurrence of common bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and to asses anatomic technical details from practices surgeons trained in cholecystectomy after versus residency. Summary Background Data Shortly introduction rate injury increased 0.5%, were more commonly reported early each surgeon's experience. It is not known learning surgery influences this pattern. Methods An anonymous questionnaire...
Noroviruses are generally believed to cause relatively mild gastroenteritis of short duration in otherwise healthy adults. However, outbreaks health care settings common and affect vulnerable populations. During 2002-2003, a total 4 major hospitals, 11 community 135 nursing homes the county Avon, England, were prospectively monitored for gastroenteritis. For 482 hospital staff, 166 home 266 residents, median norovirus was 2 days, with 75% achieving complete recovery within 3 days. The 730...
ABSTRACT To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization methods for their detection is needed. Diagnosis NLVs in clinical diagnostic laboratories usually performed by reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In present study, performance five different RT-PCR assays was evaluated an international collaborative study countries with a coded panel 91 fecal...
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are cofactors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, but the specific role of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) is unclear. This study aimed to examine in vivo relationships between HSV-2 and HIV-1 300 women Bangui, Central African Republic. Sera were tested syphilis, HIV-1, antibody, levels vitamins A E. Genital specimens other STDs. DNA RNA quantified cervicovaginal lavage. The prevalences antibody (91% vs. 78%, P = .02), shedding (43% 22%,...
A protracted outbreak of Norwalk-like virus (NLV)-associated gastroenteritis occurred in a large hotel North-West England between January and May 1996. We investigated the pattern environmental contamination with NLV during after outbreak. In ninth week, 144 swabs taken from around were tested for by nested RT-PCR. The sites categorized according to likelihood direct vomit/faeces. highest proportion positive samples detected directly contaminated carpets, but amplicons above 1.5 m which are...
In the period 1992-2000, Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre collected standardized epidemiologic data on 1,877 general outbreaks of Norovirus (formerly "Norwalk-like virus") infection in England and Wales. Seventy-nine percent occurred health-care institutions, i.e., hospitals (40%) residential-care facilities (39%). When compared with other settings, those institutions were unique exhibiting a winter peak (p<0.0001); these also associated significantly...
Abstract The United Kingdom and States have recently experienced large outbreaks of mumps, which raises concerns about vaccine effectiveness. effectiveness the mumps component measles, rubella (MMR) was estimated using screening method. In England from January 2004 through March 2005, 312 cases were reported in children eligible to received 2 doses MMR vaccine. Of these children, 52 (16.7%) had 1 dose vaccine, 97 (31.1%) doses. Vaccine 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83%–91%) for 95% CI...
Healthcare-associated outbreaks of gastroenteritis are an increasingly recognized problem, but detailed knowledge the epidemiology these events is lacking. We actively monitored three hospital systems in England for 2002 to 2003. A total 2,154 patients (2.21 cases/1,000-hospital-days) and 1,360 healthcare staff (0.47 were affected 227 unit (1.33 outbreaks/unit-year). Norovirus, detected 63% outbreaks, was predominant etiologic agent. Restricting new admissions units resulted 5,443 lost...
More than 500,000 deaths are attributed to rotavirus gastroenteritis annually worldwide, with the highest mortality in India. Two successive, naturally occurring infections have been shown confer complete protection against moderate or severe during subsequent a birth cohort Mexico. We studied protective effect of infection on and disease India (where efficacy oral vaccines general has lower expected).
Laboratory reports and data on hospital admissions were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations due group A rotavirus infection in England Wales. Between January 1990 December 1994, there 75,059 laboratory infection, 66,062 these children <5 years old; represented 39% all pathogens identified fecal specimens from this age group. April 1993 March 1904 coded as "infectious intestinal disease" 2354 "noninfective gastroenteritis" occurred North Thames region (a health authority...
The number of deaths in England and Wales associated with gastrointestinal pathogens, norovirus particular, persons >or=65 years was estimated for 2001-2006. Regression analysis used to model monthly counts pathogens fecal samples from infected patients against infectious noninfectious intestinal diseases. Data came the Office National Statistics (death registrations local registrars) Health Protection Agency (laboratory results). Model results suggest that 20% (13.3%-26.8%) age caused by...
We analyzed hospitalizations in England from April 1, 1989, to March 31, 1998, and identified approximately 700 cases, 46 fatal, viral encephalitis that occurred during each year; most (60%) were of unknown etiology. Of cases with a diagnosis, the largest proportion was herpes simplex encephalitis. Using normal Poisson regression, we six possible clusters Over 75% are not reported through routine laboratory clinical notification systems, resulting underdiagnosis England. Current surveillance...
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the main method for laboratory diagnosis of norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease (IID). However, up to 16% healthy individuals in community, with no recent history IID, may be RT-PCR positive; so it unclear whether norovirus actually cause illness an IID case when they are positive. It important identify pathogen causing sporadic cases, clinical management and community based incidence studies. The aim this study was...
Existing estimates of the incidence infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents burden: Electron has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases norovirus-associated IID produce new for England. ascertained in Study Infectious Intestinal Disease England (1993–1996), stool...
To examine associations between exposure to physical violence (PV) or sexual (SV) and adverse health behaviours among a sample of children in five African countries.In cross-sectional analysis data from Namibia, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia Zimbabwe - countries that participated the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003 2004 we compared relative frequency several (primarily students 13-15 years age) who did not report PV SV. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for such their 95% confidence...