A5067593216- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Robotic Locomotion and Control
- Foot and Ankle Surgery
- Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Sports Performance and Training
- Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes
- Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Sports injuries and prevention
- Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Effects of Vibration on Health
Duke University
2016-2025
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
2024
Florida State University
2022
Harman (United Kingdom)
2021
University of Göttingen
2021
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
2019
Duke University Hospital
2002-2014
Duke Medical Center
2002-2014
University of South Wales
2014
James Madison University
2014
The metabolic cost associated with locomotion represents a significant part of an animal's energy budget. Therefore understanding the ways in which animals manage required for by controlling muscular effort is critical to limb design and evolution locomotor behavior. assumption that energetic economy most important target natural selection underlies many analyses steady animal locomotion, leading prediction will choose gaits postures maximize efficiency. Many quadrupedal animals,...
This study examined the degree to which pain catastrophizing and pain-related fear explain pain, psychological disability, physical walking speed in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of knee. Participants this were 106 individuals diagnosed as having OA at least one knee, who reported knee persisting for six months or longer. Results suggest that explained a significant proportion (all Ps≤0.05) variance measures (partial r2 [pr2]=0.10), disability (pr2=0.20), (pr2=0.11), gait velocity normal...
Abstract It is now well recognized that terrestrial mammals can maintain equivalent bone stresses despite dramatic differences in body size through the adoption of extended limb positions during locomotion. However, this dynamic solution not available to all mammals. Medium‐ and large‐bodied arboreal mammals, such as anthropoid primates, must relatively gracile mobile limbs order manoeuvre a discontinuous environment. But they also use flexed (i.e. crouched) balance on substrates, thus...
The symmetrical gaits of quadrupedal mammals are often described in terms two variables: duty factor (S = the stanceperiod one foot, as a percentage gait cycle) and diagonality(D cycle period by which left hind footfall precedes fore footfall). We show that support polygons optimized during walking (i.e. locomotor spent standing on only feet is minimized) for: (1) diagonal-sequence, diagonal-couplets walks characteristic primates (50 < D 75)when [hindlimb S]; (2) lateral-sequence,...
Abstract The locomotion of primates differs from that other mammals in three fundamental ways. During quadrupedal walking, use diagonal sequence gaits, protract their arms more at forelimb touchdown, and experience lower vertical substrate reaction forces on forelimbs relative to hindlimbs. It is widely held the unusual walking gaits represent a basal adaptation for movement thin, flexible branches reflect major change functional role forelimb. However, little data nonprimate arboreal exist...
Despite decades of debate, it remains unclear whether human bipedalism evolved from a terrestrial knuckle-walking ancestor or more generalized, arboreal ape ancestor. Proponents the hypothesis focused on wrist and hand to find morphological evidence this behavior in fossil record. These studies, however, have not examined variation development purported features apes other primates, data that are critical resolution long-standing debate. Here we present novel frequency putative monkeys. We...
Overweight and obese patients with osteoarthritis (OA) experience more OA pain disability than who are not overweight. This study examined the long-term efficacy of a combined coping skills training (PCST) lifestyle behavioral weight management (BWM) intervention in overweight patients. Patients (n=232) were randomized to 6-month program of: 1) PCST+BWM; 2) PCST-only; 3) BWM-only; or 4) standard care control. Assessments pain, physical (Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales [AIMS] disability,...
Vertical climbing is an essential behavior for arboreal animals, yet limb mechanics during are poorly understood and rarely compared with those observed horizontal walking. Primates commonly engage in both walking vertical climbing, this makes them ideal taxa which to compare these locomotor forms. Additionally, primates exhibit unusual most other quadrupeds, weight distribution biased towards the hindlimbs, a pattern that argued have evolved response challenges of Here we test alternative...
Abstract Primate quadrupeds are said to use relatively large limb excursions for mammals of their body size. Until recently, this claim was based on a comparison hindlimb excursion data derived from small samples primates and non‐primates. Using video recordings collected at zoos primate research centres, the present study documents contrast much wider quadrupedal mammals. The results indicate that while average is larger in primates, somewhat less dramatic than first reports suggested....
At speeds between the walk and gallop, most mammals trot. Primates almost never trot, it has been claimed that they transition directly from a to gallop without any distinctive mid-speed running gait. If true, this would be another characteristic difference locomotion of primates other quadrupedal mammals. Presently, however, few data exist concerning actual presence or absence intermediate-speed gaits (i.e. are used gallop) in primates. Video records twelve primate species reveal that,...
Primates are exceptional among mammals for their climbing abilities and arboreal lifestyles. Here we show that small primates (less than 0.5 kilogram) consume the same amount of mass-specific energy (COTTOT) whether or walking a given distance. COTTOT decreases with increasing body size but does not change climbing. This divergence is likely due to fundamental differences in biomechanical determinants costs versus walking. These results have important implications understanding origins...
Abstract All primates regularly move within three‐dimensional arboreal environments and must often climb, but little is known about the energetic costs of this critical activity. Limited previous work on energetics incline locomotion suggests that there may be differential selective pressures for large compared to small in choosing exploit a complex environment. Necessary metabolic gait data have never been collected examine possibility biomechanical mechanisms might explain size‐based...
During quadrupedal walking, most primates utilize diagonal sequence couplet gaits, large limb excursions, and hindlimb-biased limb-loading. These gait characteristics are thought to be basal the Order, but selective pressure underlying these changes remains unknown. Some researchers have examined during vertical climbing propose that primate may arisen due mechanical challenges of moving on supports. Unfortunately, studies usually limited in scope do not account for varying strategies based...
ABSTRACT A broad pelvis is characteristic of most, if not all, pre‐modern hominins. In at least some early australopithecines, most notably the female Australopithecus afarensis specimen known as “Lucy,” it very and coupled with short lower limbs. 1991, Rak suggested that Lucy's pelvic anatomy improved locomotor efficiency by increasing stride length through rotation wide in axial plane. Compared to lengthening strides flexion extension hips, this mechanism could avoid potentially costly...
Abstract Several features that appear to differentiate the walking gaits of most primates from those other mammals (the prevalence diagonal‐sequence footfalls, high degrees humeral protraction, and low forelimb vs. hindlimb peak vertical forces) are believed have evolved in response requirements locomotion on thin arboreal supports by early had developed clawless grasping hands feet. This putative relationship between anatomy, behavior, ecology is tested here examining gait mechanics common...
Most primates typically use a diagonal‐sequence footfall pattern during walking. This pattern, which is unusual for mammals, believed to have originated in ancestral association with the of grasping extremities movement and foraging on thin, flexible branches. theory was tested by comparing gait parameters between grey short‐tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica woolly Caluromys philander , two didelphid marsupials that are strongly differentiated morphology their reliance strategies...