Hypoglycemia in people with diabetes is common, especially those taking medications such as insulin and sulfonylureas (SU) that place them at higher risk. associated distress their families, medication nonadherence, disruption of life work, it leads to costly emergency department visits hospitalizations, morbidity, mortality.To review update the diabetes-specific parts 2009 Evaluation Management Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline address developing...

Leptin acts on specific brain regions to affect body weight regulation. As leptin is made by white adipose tissue, it thought that must cross the blood-brain barrier or blood-cerebrospinal fluid reach key sites of action within brain. High expression a short form receptor has been reported in choroid plexus. However, whether one more known isoforms expressed capillaries unknown. To identify and quantitate rat microvessels, we applied quantitative RT-PCR RNA from purified microvessels...

OBJECTIVE—Hyperglycemia is a common event among patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. While the cognitive-motor slowing associated hypoglycemia well documented, acute effects of hyperglycemia have not been studied extensively, despite patients’ reports negative effects. This study prospectively objectively assessed on functioning in subjects’ natural environment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Study investigated 105 adults diabetes (mean age 37 years mean duration 20 years), 36 50 10 3 91 39...

<h3>Background:</h3> Metoclopramide hydrochloride, a neuroleptic dopamine receptor antagonist used to treat gastric ailments, is reported cause extrapyramidal movement disorders. The goals of this study were (1) determine the prevalence and severity tardive dyskinesia acute syndromes including akathisia, dystonia, drug-induced parkinsonism in metoclopramide-treated patients (2) compare diabetics nondiabetics. <h3>Methods:</h3> From list received from Portland (Ore) Veterans Affairs Medical...

We used the complementary DNA for human hepatoma Hep G2 glucose transporter to determine distribution of messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat and tissues. Under stringent hybridization conditions, a single 2.8-kilobase (kb) transcript is seen all tissues examined. The mRNA most abundant brain, especially enriched brain microvascular fraction. abundance muscle fat 5% that brain. Rat liver (both adult fetal) have very little 2.8-kb mRNA, but it cultured fibroblasts EB virus-transformed lymphoblasts....

Background: Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) collect detailed blood (BG) time series, which carry significant information about the dynamics of BG fluctuations. In contrast, methods for analysis CGM data remain those developed infrequent self-monitoring. As a result, important temporal structure is lost during translation raw sensor readings into clinically interpretable statistics and images. Methods: The following mathematical are introduced field interpretation: (1) rate change; (2)...

We assessed the efficacy of intranasal aerosolized insulin containing laureth-9 as a surfactant in patients with Type I diabetes by fasting studies 8 patients, mixed-meal 15, and long-term home use 8. The (1 U per kilogram body weight 1 cent laureth-9) was rapidly absorbed (in 15 minutes); it lowered plasma glucose level 50 45 minutes normal controls 120 diabetics. glucose-lowering potency depended on dose concentration. Nasal irritation proportional to concentration, great variability among...

We used the Oldendorf brain uptake index method to study blood-brain barrier transport of several metabolic substrates in diabetes. Glucose into was decreased by 1/3 rats with moderate diabetes induced prior injection streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight). The transports mannose and poorly metabolized hexoses 2-deoxyglucose 3-O-methylglucose were similarly reduced. Likewise, glucose alloxan-induced These alterations hexose influx appeared be related chronic (1-2 days) hyperglycemia rather...

Glucose transport into the brain is depressed in chronically hyperglycemic (diabetic) rats. To determine whether hypoglycemia has opposite effect, of hexoses and other substrates was examined acutely hypoglycemic We produced chronic by implanting insulin-secreting tumors or insulin-releasing osmotic mini-pumps repeated injection protamine zinc insulin (PZI) acute intravascular regular insulin. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) measured using uptake index (BUI) method. In three models hypoglycemia,...

Precise localization of glucose transport proteins in the brain has proved difficult, especially at ultrastructural level. This limited further insights into their cellular specificity, subcellular distribution, and function. In present study, preembedding immunocytochemistry was used to localize major transporters, GLUTs 1 3, vibratome sections rat brain. Our results support view that, besides being endothelial cells central nervous system (CNS) blood vessels, GLUT is astrocytes. detected...

After focal cerebral ischemia, the function of arteries is critical to maintain cerebrovascular resistance and minimize damage ischemic brain regions during reperfusion. In this study we examined contractile isolated pressurized middle (MCAs) after 2 hours occlusion with either 1 minutes or 24 reperfusion using intraluminal suture model transient ischemia in rats.MCAs were dissected (OCC, n = 8) (RPF, 5) compared those controls that did not have surgery (n 5). Isolated MCAs mounted on two...

Abstract This study aimed to compare conventional medication management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in conjunction with a lifestyle intervention using continuous glucose monitoring minimize excursions. Thirty adults (63% female; mean age, 53.3 years) who were diagnosed T2D for less than 11 years (mean, 5.6 years), had glycated A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (51 mmol/mol) (mean 8.8%, [73 mmol/mol]), and not insulin, randomly assigned 1:2 ratio routine care (RC) or 4 group sessions glycemic excursion...

Glucose transport into nonneuronal brain cells uses differently glycosylated forms of the glucose protein, GLUT1. Microvascular GLUT1 is readily seen on immunocytochemistry, although its parenchymal localization has been difficult. Following ischemia, mRNA increases, but whether protein also changes uncertain. Therefore, we examined immunocytochemical distribution in normal rat and after transient global forebrain ischemia. A novel finding was peptide-inhibitable immunoreactive staining...

Marked blood glucose (BG) fluctuations may increase the risk of some complications associated with diabetes. Acute BG excursions are common in patients diabetes, but not usually quantified, nor can they be captured by glycosylated hemoglobin level. This study evaluated sensitivity novel analytical methods for assessing variability using CGMS (Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA) data from treated pramlintide, a drug that acutely reduces postprandial hyperglycemia when added to insulin...