Increasing evidence indicates that development of embryonic central nervous system precursors is tightly regulated by extrinsic cues located in the local environment. Here, we asked whether neurotrophin-mediated signaling through Trk tyrosine kinase receptors important for cortical precursor cell development. These studies demonstrate inhibition TrkB (Ntrk2) and/or TrkC (Ntrk3) using dominant-negative receptors, or genetic knockdown shRNA, caused a decrease proliferation both culture and...

Neurotrophins belonging to the class of growth factors and including nerve factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) are widely recognized as essential in developing central nervous system (CNS). synthesized precursor forms (proneurotrophins). Mature neurotrophins exert their effect by binding specific tyrosine kinases receptors (TrkA, TrkB TrkC) well via p75 receptor, a member tumor necrosis receptor superfamily while proneurotrophins...

Abstract Young shrews of the genus Sorex that are born in early summer reduce their body size before wintering, including a reduction brain weight 10–30%. In spring they mature sexually, double and regain about half loss weight. To investigate mechanisms oscillations we studied rate cell death generation during whole life cycle common shrew ( araneus ) pygmy S. minutus ). After weaning, generate new cells only two mammalian neurogenic zones approximately 80% these develop into neurones. The...

We studied consequences of maternal immune response on the course pregnancy and behavior adult offspring. Mice in late gestation (day 16-17) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment pregnant mice high doses LPS resulted fetal resorption or stillbirths. Pregnant treated low (100 300 micrograms/kg) gave birth to normal numbers pups. However, offspring was altered. Adult dams at a dose micrograms/kg traveled longer distances open field spent more time central part arena, than...

We investigated adult neurogenesis in two species of mammals belonging to the superorder Laurasiatheria, southern white-breasted hedgehog (order Erinaceomorpha, <i>Erinaceus concolor</i>) from Armenia and European mole Soricomorpha, species<i> Talpa europaea</i>) Poland. Neurogenesis brain these was examined immunohistochemically, using endogenous markers doublecortin (DCX) Ki-67, which are highly conserved among species. found that both mole, like majority earlier...

The CacyBP/SIP target S100A6 is widely present in the nervous system, and its up-regulation associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined involvement of protein stress responses mice. Using Western blotting, observed a marked change brainstem structures, whereby stressed mice showed approximately one-third level produced control group. A decreased animals was also detected olfactory bulb cerebellum stress-related structures such as hippocampus hypothalamus....

In this study, we investigated the distribution, localization and several various functions of TrkC receptors during development Monodelphis opossum brain. Western blotting analysis showed that two different forms receptor, full-length receptor one its truncated forms, are abundantly expressed in The expression was barely detected brain newborn opossums. At postnatal day (P) 3, remained at low levels, while moderate form detected. levels both protein gradually increased throughout...

Abstract Background Synthetic cathinones (SC) constitute the second most frequently abused class of new psychoactive substances. They serve as an alternative to classic psychostimulatory drugs abuse, such methamphetamine, cocaine, or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Despite worldwide prevalence SC, little is known about their long-term impact on central nervous system. Here, we examined effects repeated exposure mice during infancy, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a SC...

ABSTRACT The expression, development pattern, spatiotemporal distribution, and function of TrkB receptors were investigated during the postnatal brain opossum. Full‐length receptor expression was detectable in newborn opossum, whereas three different short forms that are expressed adult almost undetectable opossum brain. highest level full‐length observed at P35, which corresponds to time eye opening. We found structures, localized various compartments cells. hypothalamus distinguished by...

Abstract We have previously reported that the blockage of TrkB and TrkC signaling in primary culture opossum neocortical cells affects neurogenesis involves a range processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival. Here, we studied whether activity specifically various types progenitor populations during neocortex formation Monodelphis vivo. found inhibition activities same proliferative cellular phenotype, but causes more pronounced changes rate divisions. Additionally,...

Abstract Increasing evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis contributes to brain plasticity, although function of new neurons is still under debate. In opossums, we performed an olfactory-guided behavior task and examined the association between olfactory discrimination-guided in bulb (OB). We found young aged opossums either sex learned find food buried litter using cues. However, females required more time compared males both sexes. The levels doublecortin, used as a marker for...

In therian mammals, the cerebellum is one of late developing structures in brain. Specifically, proliferation cerebellar granule cells occurs after birth, and even humans, generation these continues during first year life. The main difference between marsupials eutherians that majority brain develop birth. Herein, we report newborn laboratory opossum (Monodelphis domestica), primordium distinguishable Nissl-stained sections. Additionally, bromodeoxyuridine birthdating experiments revealed...

We investigated the rate of cell proliferation and death in retina Monodelphis opossum during its postnatal development influence early monocular enucleation on these processes. Our results show that opossum, as other marsupials, peak retinal cells divisions occurs postnatally generation continues till time eye opening (P34), except marginal rim, where it continued P60. Ganglion amacrine are generated between days (P) P4 P9, while bipolar photoreceptors simultaneously P14 P25. The ganglion...

In many mammalian species including opossums, adult neurogenesis, the function of which is not completely understood, declines with aging. Aging also causes impairment cognition. To understand whether new neurons contribute to learning and memory, we performed experiments on young aged laboratory Monodelphis domestica, examined association between spatial memory using Morris water maze test rate neurogenesis in dentate gyrus (DG). Modification this allowed us assess how both opossums learn...

In marsupials, upper-layer cortical neurons derived from the progenitors of subventricular zone lateral ventricle (SVZ) mature morphologically and send their axons to form interhemispheric connections through anterior commissure. contrast, eutherians have evolved a new extra callosal pathway, corpus callosum, that interconnects both hemispheres. this study, we aimed examine neurogenesis during formation upper layers, including morphological maturation in marsupial species, namely opossum...

Shrews are small animals found in many different habitats. Like other mammals, adult neurogenesis occurs the subventricular zone of lateral ventricle (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal formation. We asked whether number new generated cells shrews depends on their brain size. examined Crocidura russula Neomys fodiens, weighing 10-22 g, olivieri Suncus murinus that weigh three times more. density proliferated SVZ was approximately at same level all species. These migrated from through...