Humans often sacrifice material benefits to endorse or oppose societal causes based on moral beliefs. Charitable donation behavior, which has been the target of recent experimental economics studies, is an outstanding contemporary manifestation this ability. Yet neural bases unique aspect human altruism, extends beyond interpersonal interactions, remain obscure. In article, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants anonymously donated opposed real charitable...

Humans are endowed with a natural sense of fairness that permeates social perceptions and interactions. This moral stance is so ubiquitous we may not notice it as fundamental component daily decision making in the workings many legal, political, systems. Emotion plays pivotal role experience by assigning human values to events, objects, actions. Although brain correlates basic emotions have been explored, neural organization “moral emotions” remains poorly understood. Using functional...

Social concepts such as “tactless” or “honorable” enable us to describe our own well others' social behaviors. The prevailing view is that this abstract semantic knowledge mainly subserved by the same medial prefrontal regions are considered essential for mental state attribution and self-reflection. Nevertheless, neurodegeneration of anterior temporal cortex typically leads impairments behavior general conceptual knowledge. By using functional MRI, we demonstrate lobe represents in...

Trust is a critical social process that helps us to cooperate with others and present some degree in all human interaction. However, the underlying brain mechanisms of conditional unconditional trust reciprocal exchange are still obscure. Here, we used hyperfunctional magnetic resonance imaging, which two strangers interacted online one another sequential game while their brains were simultaneously scanned. By designing nonanonymous, alternating multiround game, became bidirectional, able...

Social values are composed of social concepts (e.g., "generosity") and context-dependent moral sentiments "pride"). The neural basis this intricate cognitive architecture has not been investigated thus far. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined their own actions toward another person (self-agency) which either conformed or were counter to a value associated with pride guilt, respectively. Imagined the (other-agency) in accordance gratitude...

Recent investigations in cognitive neuroscience have shown that ordinary human behavior is guided by emotions are uniquely their experiential and interpersonal aspects. These "moral emotions" contribute importantly to social derive from the neurobehavioral reorganization of basic plan pervade mammalian life. Disgust one prototypic emotion with multiple domains include viscerosomatic reaction patterns subjective experiences linked (a) sensory properties a class natural stimuli, (b) set...

To study the brain areas which are activated when normal subjects make moral judgments.Ten adults underwent BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during auditory presentation of sentences that they were instructed to silently judge as either "right" or "wrong". Half had an explicit content ("We break law necessary"), other half comprised factual statements devoid connotation ("Stones made water"). After scanning, each subject rated content, emotional valence, and judgment...

Abstract In this fMRI study, we investigated the development between adolescence and adulthood of neural processing social emotions. Unlike basic emotions (such as disgust fear), guilt embarrassment) require representation another's mental states. Nineteen adolescents (10–18 years) 10 adults (22–32 were scanned while thinking about scenarios featuring either or both age groups, anterior rostral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated during versus emotion. However, a lateral part MPFC...

The trail making test (TMT) pertains to a family of tests that tap the ability alternate between cognitive categories. However, value TMT as localizing instrument remains elusive. Here we report results functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study verbal adaptation (vTMT). vTMT takes advantage set-shifting properties and, at same time, minimizes visuospatial and visuomotor components written TMT. Whole brain BOLD fMRI was performed during alternating execution vTMTA vTMTB in seven...

Abstract The human brain is inherently able to understand the world in moral ways, endowing most of us with an intuitive sense fairness, concern for others, and observance cultural norms. We have argued that this sensitivity ability depends on a sophisticated integration cognitive, emotional, motivational mechanisms, which are modulated by individual experience different milieus. Different lines investigation agency morality pointed overlapping neural systems. Therefore, understanding...

Inappropriate social behaviours are early and distinctive symptoms of the temporal frontal variants frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Knowledge behaviour is essential for appropriate conduct. It unknown, however, in what way this knowledge degraded FTLD. In a recent functional MRI study, we have identified right-lateralized superior anterior lobe (aTL) region showing selective activation 'social concepts' (i.e. concepts describing behaviour: e.g. 'polite', 'stingy') as compared with...

Cognitive models predict that vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD) is due a bias blame oneself for failure in global way resulting excessive self-blaming emotions, decreased self-worth, hopelessness and depressed mood. Clinical studies comparing the consistency coherence of these symptoms order probe predictions model are lacking.132 patients with remitted MDD no relevant lifetime co-morbid axis-I disorders were assessed using phenomenological psychopathology-based interview...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity that often persist in adulthood. There a growing consensus ADHD associated with abnormal function diffuse brain networks, but such alterations remain poorly characterized. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we multivariate (complex network measures), bivariate (network-based statistic), univariate (regional homogeneity) properties networks...

Language batteries used to assess the skills of elderly individuals, such as naming and semantic verbal fluency, present some limitations in differentiating healthy controls from patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI). Deficits narrative discourse occur early dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD), abilities a-MCI are poorly documented. The study sought propose evaluate parameters for investigating these populations. After a pilot 30 subjects who served preliminary...

Previous studies have indicated that amputation or deafferentation of a limb induces functional changes in sensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices, related to phantom pain. However, the extent cortical reorganization after lower patients with nonpainful phenomena remains uncertain. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance (fMRI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigate existence callosal plasticity these subjects. Nine "painless" nine control subjects (sex- age-matched) underwent 3-T MRI...