Arriving phase is an essential part of the virtually coupled train set (VCTS) operation in metros and significantly influences efficiency. This paper proposes a synchronous precise control problem VCTS arriving-phase designs hierarchical approach to solve this problem. First, mathematically modeled, capturing uncertain disturbances measurement errors dynamics considering input safety constraints. Then, two-layer framework designed, with upper layer for coordinated trajectory planning lower...

Recently, virtual coupling has aroused increasing interest in regard to achieving flexible and on-demand train operations. However, one of the main challenges throughput a network is couple trains quickly at junctions. Pre-programmed operation strategies cause decelerate or stop Such can reduce efficiency even fail reach coupled status. To fill this critical gap, paper proposes cooperative game model represent junctions adopts Shapley theorem solve formulated game. Due discrete...

The increasing need for capacity has led the railway industry to explore new train control systems based on a concept called virtual coupling. Inspired by platooning of autonomous vehicles, safe operation coupling is guaranteed relative brake distance-based separation method. This paper proposes novel long short-term memory (LSTM)-based model predictive (MPC) method operations. An MPC-based design coupled operations presented. LSTM introduced dynamics preceding approximate actual With...

Abstract As an emerging technology, virtual coupling improves the efficiency and flexibility of metro services by forming multiple trains (units) as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) without mechanical couplers. However, to realize desired VCTS operation in practical services, significant gap be filled is that implicit nonlinear safety constraints are hard addressed real‐time control. Thus, this paper proposes hierarchical control approach with two‐layer framework. In upper layer,...

Train‐centric communications‐based train control (TcCBTC) system is a new solution for urban transit signalling. Compared to traditional systems, the on‐board equipment becoming more powerful and complex. Due its safety‐critical nature, specialised technologies must be adopted guarantee safety of system. To address verification difficulty logic system, this study presents an innovative topology‐based method guaranteeing safety. First, railway network described as metric space, then,...

Virtual coupling is a novel railway transport concept that allows trains to split and join on-the-fly by switching from mechanical virtual couplers. One of the main challenges in applying metro railways reduce tracking distance between without compromising safety. This paper proposes relative operation-based train separation model safe trains. applies fault tolerance principle. The principle preceding normally operates for time interval its last-known state before initiating an emergency...

Automatic train control systems are complex and software-intensive cyber–physical systems. Hazard prediction at runtime for such has emerged as an essential research topic. Since hazards in operations have a wide range of causal factors, the current monitoring approaches based on pre-programmed safety properties generally ineffective guaranteeing system safety. This paper proposes reachable set-based verification approach. In this approach, top-level operation predicted directly by analysing...

Runtime verification is a lightweight formal method that checks whether an execution of system satisfies given property. A challenge in building runtime to define suitable monitoring specification language, i.e., language expressive, reasonable complexity, and easy understand. In this paper, we extend live sequence charts (LSCs, [1]) for the properties systems monitoring. We Parametrized extended LSCs (PeLSCs) by introducing notions necessary prechart, concatenation, condition-...

Virtual Coupling (VC) is a hot topic in railways. A virtually coupled train set operates as single and consists of multiple unit trains (UTs). Each UT keeps desired gap distance with its predecessor by following spacing policy. Constant time headway (CTH) policy widely adopted the existing studies about VC. Arrival difference (ATD), i.e., between instants two successive UTs arriving at platform, large when using CTH. It not expected because passengers loading all should operate same time....

This paper presents an approach in train control systems for virtual coupling. A deep learning-based model predictive is proposed operations of following trains The MPC method includes a long and short-term memory (LSTM) neural network optimal controller. LSTM used to predict objectives the preceding train's operation status. MPC-based controller with prediction results presented. compares conventional by using concrete example metro line. experimental show that trains, has better tracking...

Research on virtual coupling has made further progress. It needs many tests before operation. The problem of connecting the new railway with existing will arise. increasingly large and complex hubs make a test difficult. Test system, especially combined test, heavy workload. Restricted by time influence transportation, it is challenging to discover defects hidden dangers systems through dynamic on-site procedures. laboratory "full scene, full elements" engineering testing urgently be...

As a recent hot topic in railways, Virtual Coupling (VC) is aimed at providing more frequent rail services by operating trains closer. Given that current protection methods cannot fulfill the requirements of VC terms safety and efficiency, implementation urgently calls for an advanced method allows successive to drive closer on premise safety. Therefore, improve after force analysis train, train emergency braking model can describe real process proposed. The distance calculated from this...

Virtual coupling is a recently introduced concept to achieve flexible and on-demand train operations. One of the main challenges in maximizing throughput network couple trains on-the-fly efficiently at junctions. This paper presents novel game based operation strategy optimization approach for virtual solve this problem. A cooperative model representing junctions first built. Due discrete high-dimension characteristics model, optimal solution problem has NP complexity. To find strategies...

Despite the development of rail transit, urban transport capacity has increased substantially. It still faces severe jams during peaking operation periods. In this paper, inspired by artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a new data-driven method for dynamic trajectory prediction train in front based on long short-term memory(LSTM) network. extracted data from ATO equipment Chengdu Metro Line 8 and used three evaluation indicators predicting loss accuracy analysis. The experiments...

In this paper, we deal with two kinds of uncertainties in distributed systems. On one hand, the order causally unrelated executions is not determined when a global clock available. other finite amount time, behaviour can be observed only up to certain moment, and future unknown. investigate monitoring approach based on linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. We propose five-valued semantics for LTL both uncertainties. develop an efficient runtime verification algorithm using formula...

The train control data is crucial for the safe operation of trains. However, correctness relies too much on expert experience in field railways due to complex railway line situations. To address this problem, a graph theory based model proposed describe signals and track sections critical route information. Then, verification theorems are by applying mathematical formalism representation. Furthermore, theorem check single data. In addition, another ensuring invasion insulated Theorems...

Virtual Coupling (VC) is a novel train operation mode which makes trains move synchronously as platoon via Train-to-Train (T2T) communication and they can be seen single if have same route ahead. This method dramatically enhances track capacity by decreasing headway between consecutive trains. How to realize VC hot topic recently. paper proposes model predictive control (MPC) system for reference driving profile or predecessor's trajectory, i.e., fast can, certain extent. Finite-time horizon...

Testing is an important safety assurance technique for railway interlocking systems. Model-based testing (MBT) allows designing and maintaining tests with high-level models generating test suites from these automatically. Although MBT has the potential to improve efficiency quality, it not clear whether this applicable complex variant-rich software. In paper, we report our experience in introducing inter-locking testing. We develop feature of route control process reusability models. The...