<b>Background: </b> Brief measures that accurately discriminate normal cognitive aging from very mild dementia are lacking. Cognitive tests often insensitive to dementia. Informant-based may be more sensitive in detecting early <b>Objective: To identify informant-reported clinical variables differentiate cognitively individuals those with <b>Methods: A 55-item battery of informant queries regarding an individual9s status was derived a semistructured interview and consensus panel experts. The...

<h3>Context</h3>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty in brain. Epidemiological studies suggest that consumption of DHA associated with a reduced incidence Alzheimer disease. Animal demonstrate oral intake reduces Alzheimer-like brain pathology.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine if supplementation slows cognitive and functional decline individuals disease.<h3>Design, Setting, Patients</h3>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial mild to...

<b>Objective: </b> To establish the validity, reliability, and discriminative properties of AD8, a brief informant interview to detect dementia, in clinic sample. <b>Methods: We evaluated 255 patient–informant dyads. compared number endorsed AD8 items with an independently derived Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) performance on neuropsychological tests. Construct concurrent test–retest, interrater intermodal internal consistency were determined. Receiver operator characteristic curves used...

To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and amyloid beta (Abeta) response to gamma-secretase inhibitor LY450139 in Alzheimer disease.Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled trial.Community-based clinical research centers. Patients Fifty-one individuals with mild moderate disease were randomized receive placebo (n=15) or (100 mg [n=22] 140 [n=14]), 43 completing treatment phase. Intervention The groups received 60 mg/d for 2 weeks, then 100 6 either additional...

<b>Objective: </b> To determine which clinical features best characterize Parkinson disease dementia (PDD), compared with Alzheimer (AD) and Lewy bodies (DLB), to the pathologic basis for PDD. <b>Methods: We examined 103 participants enrolled in a longitudinal study (nondemented control = 10, PD 42, DLB 20, AD 31) who were followed autopsy using standardized protocols. characterized of PDD published criteria as framework. Statistical analysis was performed χ² Fisher exact tests,...

To determine whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) progresses more rapidly than Alzheimer disease (AD).We compared 315 participants (63 DLB and 252 AD) enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study of memory aging annual clinical cognitive assessments followed until death. The main outcome measure was progression to institutionalization Neuropathologic examinations were performed on all this study. Subject classification (DLB vs based neuropathology.Patients had an increased risk mortality...

<h3>Objective</h3> To test the ability of patients to rate their own cognitive using AD8 compared with informant and clinician ratings status. <h3>Design, Setting, Patients</h3> The was administered 325 consecutive participant-informant dyads enrolled in a longitudinal study at Washington University School Medicine between April 4, 2005, December 15, 2005. number items endorsed by participant answers an independently derived Clinical Dementia Rating. <h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3> Strength...

To understand the earliest signs of cognitive decline caused by Alzheimer disease (AD) and other illnesses causing dementia, information is needed from well-characterized individuals without dementia studied longitudinally until autopsy.To determine clinical features associated with development AD or dementias in older adults.Longitudinal study memory aging.Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, St Louis, Mo.Clinical Dementia Rating, its sum boxes, neuropathologic diagnosis dementia.Eighty...

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:374–384 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Background: Cognitive dysfunction, including dementia and delirium, is prevalent in geriatric emergency department (ED) patients, but often remains undetected. One barrier to reliable identification of acutely or chronically impaired cognitive function lack an acceptable screening tool. While multiple brief instruments have been derived, ED validation trials not previously demonstrated...

Abstract Introduction Test the validity and reliability of Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS), a rapid dementia staging tool. Methods The QDRS was tested in 267 patient‐caregiver dyads compared with Clinical Ratings (CDR), neuropsychological testing, gold standard measures function, mood, behavior. Psychometric properties including, item variability, floor ceiling effects, concurrent construct validity, internal consistency were determined. used to derive an independent CDR sum‐of‐boxes...

<h3>Objective:</h3> Clinicopathologic phenotypes of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) often overlap, making discrimination difficult. We performed resting state blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to determine whether there were differences between AD DLB. <h3>Methods:</h3> Participants (n = 88) enrolled in a longitudinal study memory aging underwent 3-T fcMRI. Clinical diagnoses probable DLB 15) made according published criteria....

Background: Whether older adults with sarcopenia who underperform controls on tests of physical performance and cognition also have a higher likelihood combined cognitive-physical impairment is not clear. We assessed the impact in both aspects functionality relative contribution its components, muscle mass strength. Methods: Two hundred twenty-three community-dwelling aged 40 years (mean age =68.1±10.6 years; 65% female) were recruited underwent functionality, anthropometry, cognitive...

<b>Background: </b> Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are common in Alzheimer disease (AD) and increase prevalence as AD advances. The neuropathologic substrate responsible for EPS remains to be fully characterized. <b>Methods: Subjects had a clinical diagnosis of confirmed by examination. during life were documented methods assessing bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, rest tremor, parkinsonian gait. with previous neuroleptic exposure excluded. Twenty-eight subjects the group 104 without EPS. Neuron...

Background The etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) has yet to be fully elucidated. We examined the consequences injections 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), a toxic metabolite dopamine, into substantia nigra rats on motor behavior and neuronal survival. Methods/Principal Findings A total 800 nl/rat DOPAL (1 µg/200 nl) was injected stereotaxically over three sites while control animals received similar phosphate buffered saline. Rotational these analyzed, optical density striatal...

Approximately 3.2 million hospital stays annually involve a person with dementia, leading to higher costs, longer lengths of stay, and poorer outcomes. Older adults dementia are vulnerable when hospitals unable meet their special needs.We developed, implemented, evaluated training program for 540 individuals at 4 community hospitals. Pretest, posttest, 120-day delayed posttest were performed assess knowledge, confidence, practice parameters.The mean age the sample was 46 years; 83% White,...

Screening tests for Alzheimer's disease lack sensitivity and specificity. We developed the AD8, a brief dementia screening interview validated against clinical cognitive evaluations, as an improvement over current methods. Because insufficient follow-up has occurred to validate AD8 neuropathologic findings of disease, we investigated whether scores correspond impairment in episodic memory testing changes biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid amyloid imaging with Pittsburgh compound B)...

The AD8 questionnaire developed by Washington University in St Louis is a screening tool with 8 questions to reliably differentiate nondemented from demented individuals even at the very mild stage. We recruited 239 participants, including 114 cognitively normal, 73 dementia, and 52 dementia validate its application Taiwanese. cut-off value of was 2 discriminating normal area under curve (AUC) = 0.961, sensitivity 97.6%, specificity 78.1%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 4.5, negative (NLR)...