Postmortem human subject (PMHS) studies are essential to brain injury research in motor vehicle safety. However, postmortem deterioration reduces the similarity between test results and vivo response material testing of tissue biomechanical whole head. This pilot study explores effect potential preservatives on breakdown identify promising that warrant further investigation. To with slow degradation, samples from an initial PMHS were refrigerated at 10°C qualitatively compare 58 152 h after...

The ability to measure six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) head kinematics in motor vehicle crash conditions is important for assessing head-neck loads as well brain injuries. A method obtaining accurate 6 DOF short duration impact proposed and validated this study. methodology utilizes accelerometers three angular rate sensors (6aω configuration) such that an algebraic equation used determine acceleration with respect the body-fixed coordinate system, velocity measured directly rather than...

Despite safety advances, thoracic injuries in motor vehicle crashes remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality, rib fractures are the most prevalent injuries. The objective this study was to explore sources variation structural properties order identify differential risk fracture between occupants. A hierarchical model employed quantify effects demographic differences geometry on including stiffness, force, displacement, energy at failure yield. Three-hundred forty-seven...

Objective: One potential nonstandard seating configuration for vehicles with automated driving systems (ADS) is a reclined seat that rear-facing when in frontal collision. There are limited biomechanical response and injury data this during high-speed collisions. The main objective of study was to investigate thoracic responses injuries male postmortem human subjects (PMHS) scenario varying boundary conditions.Method: Fourteen PMHS tests (10 previously published 4 newly tested) were...

The objectives of this study were to obtain biomechanical responses post mortem human subjects (PMHS) by subjecting them two moderate-speed rear impact sled test conditions (8.5g, 17 km/h; 10.5g, 24 km/h) while positioned in an experimental seat system, and create targets for internal external biofidelity evaluation ATDs. was designed measure loads on the head restraint (4 load cells), back (6 pan cells) such that subject dynamic interaction with could be evaluated. This system capable...

We present a novel miniaturized dual-band implantable antenna for microwave backscattering at 2.4/4.8 GHz. These bands are recently emerging as highly promising batteryless implants, viz., implants that receive power from an exterior interrogator 2.4 GHz and backscatter their sensed signals 4.8 Compared to the smallest reported antenna, proposed design is by 39%, exhibits higher gain 10.3 dB (at GHz) 2.6 GHz). To validate performance under anatomically correct conditions, postmortem human...

Here we present detailed regional bone thickness and cross-sectional measurements from full adult ribs using high resolution CT scans processed with a cortical mapping technique. Sixth 33 subjects ranging 24 to 99 years of age were used produce average maps provide ± 1SD corridors for expected cross-section properties (cross-sectional areas inertial moments) as function rib length. Results obtained data validated at specific locations direct cut sections. Individual had an accuracy (mean...

Objective: The current state of the art human body models (HBMs) underpredict number fractured ribs. Also, it has not been shown that can predict fracture locations. Efforts have made to create subject specific rib for prediction, with mixed results. aim this study is evaluate if subject-specific finite element (FE) models, based on state-of-the-art clinical CT data combined material data, stiffness and location in anterior-posterior bending.Method: High resolution was used generate detailed...

The objective of this study was to generate biomechanical corridors from post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) in two different seatback recline angles 56 km/h sled tests simulating a rear-facing occupant during frontal vehicle impact. PMHS were placed production seat which included an integrated belt. To achieve repeatable configuration, the rigidized rearward direction using reinforcing frame that allowed for adjustability both angle and head restraint position. contained instrumentation...

The goal of this study is to evaluate both the internal and external biofidelity existing rear impact anthropomorphic test devices (BioRID II, RID3D, Hybrid III 50th) in two moderate-speed sled conditions (8.5g, 17 km/h; 10.5g, 24 km/h) by quantitatively comparing ATD responses biomechanical response targets developed from PMHS testing a corresponding study. ATDs were tested an experimental seat system that capable simulating dynamic back rotation production seats. contains total fourteen...

When the Hybrid III 10-year old (HIII-10C) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) was adopted into Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 49 Part 572 as best available tool for evaluating large belt-positioning booster seats in Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 213, NHTSA stated that research activities would continue to improve performance HIII-10C address biofidelity concerns. A significant part this effort has been NHTSA's in-house development Large Omnidirectional Child (LODC) ATD. This...

This paper presents the leakage performance of various stepped labyrinth seals. A stationary seal test rig was set up and characteristics three configurations with different numbers steps teeth were investigated for wide operating ranges in terms pressure ratio tip clearance. Both solid honeycomb land structures tested. In case, two sizes used. The shaped, typical seals gas turbine applications. influences configuration, clearance on investigated. relative performances between compared their...

Objective: The objectives of this study are to propose a new instrumentation technique for measuring cervical spine kinematics, validate it, and apply the postmortem human subjects (PMHS) in rear impact sled tests so that motions can be investigated. Methods: First, dissection is proposed which (3 accelerometers, 3 angular rate sensors) capable detailed intervertebral kinematics installed on anterior aspects each vertebral body with minimal muscular damage. was validated by conducting 10...

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, are part of a new and budding industry in the United States. Economic public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors driving regulations which alter stringent laws currently restricting flights over people. As enacted more populate national airspace, there is need to both understand quantify risk impacts uninvolved public. The purpose this study was investigate biomechanical response injury outcomes Post...

This paper considers a dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) model that broker (SB) coordinates the of with regional license inside region responsibility. It has potential to leverage utilization but requires sophisticated approach manage allocation-dependent interference effect. Thus, SB is responsible wireless between base stations (BSs) within for quality service (QoS) provisioning over allocated channels. In this paper, we address constrained DSA problem and propose an management scheme...

Objective In 2020, 17% of all crash fatalities were individuals aged 65 years or older. Crash data also revealed that for older occupants, thoracic related injuries are among the leading causes fatality. Historically, majority near-side impact postmortem human subjects (PMHS) studies used a generic load wall to capture external loads applied PMHS. While these helpful in documenting biofidelity, they did not represent realistic response an occupant would undergo crash. The objective this...