A5049405407- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Landslides and related hazards
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Climate variability and models
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Forest ecology and management
- Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
University of Saskatchewan
2016-2025
Norsk Hydro (Germany)
2009-2025
Canmore Museum and Geoscience Centre
2021-2024
Global Institute for Water Security
2016-2024
University of Edinburgh
2008-2021
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
2020
Chengdu University of Information Technology
2020
University of Waterloo
2020
Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources
2020
Chinese Academy of Sciences
2020
Abstract Drainage basins in many parts of the world are ungauged or poorly gauged, and some cases existing measurement networks declining. The problem is compounded by impacts human-induced changes to land surface climate, occurring at local, regional global scales. Predictions gauged under these conditions highly uncertain. IAHS Decade on Ungauged Basins, PUB, a new initiative launched International Association Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), aimed formulating implementing appropriate science...
The Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB) initiative of the International Association Hydrological Sciences (IAHS), launched 2003 and concluded by PUB Symposium 2012 held Delft (23–25 October 2012), set out to shift scientific culture hydrology towards improved understanding hydrological processes, as well associated uncertainties development models with increasing realism predictive power. This paper reviews work that has been done under six science themes Decade outlines challenges ahead for...
Abstract After a programme of integrated field and modelling research, hydrological processes considerable uncertainty such as snow redistribution by wind, interception, sublimation, snowmelt, infiltration into frozen soils, hillslope water movement over permafrost, actual evaporation, radiation exchange to complex surfaces have been described using physically based algorithms. The cold regions model (CRHM) platform, flexible object‐oriented system was devised incorporate these algorithms...
Snow accumulation and ablation processes are particularly important to the hydrology of cold climate forests. In order calculate distribution snow cover loss sublimation, amount snowfall intercepted by forest canopies must be determined. This paper introduces a physically-based interception model that scales from branch canopy. Previous models have neglected persistent presence subsequent unloading in climates hence only been applicable regions where is quickly lost To investigate how at...
Thirty‐three snowpack models of varying complexity and purpose were evaluated across a wide range hydrometeorological forest canopy conditions at five Northern Hemisphere locations, for up to two winter snow seasons. Modeled estimates water equivalent (SWE) or depth compared observations open sites each location. Precipitation phase duration above‐freezing air temperatures are shown be major influences on divergence convergence modeled the subcanopy snowpack. When considered collectively all...
The Northern Hemisphere has large areas that are forested and seasonally snow covered. Compared with open areas, forest canopies strongly influence interactions between the atmosphere on ground by sheltering from wind solar radiation intercepting falling snow; these influences have important consequences for meteorology, hydrology, ecology of forests. Many land surface models used in meteorological hydrological forecasting now include representations canopy processes, but not been widely...
Abstract This paper reviews measurement techniques and corresponding devices used to determine the physical properties of seasonal snowpack from distances close ground surface. The review is placed in context need for scientific observations variables that provide inputs predictive hydrological models help advance understanding geophysical processes related snow near‐surface cryosphere. Many these measure are invasive require be disrupted, thereby precluding possibility multiple measurements...
Abstract. This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including schemes that are included in Earth system models, a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims identify crucial processes characteristics need be improved models the context local- global-scale modelling. A further objective ESM-SnowMIP is better quantify snow-related feedbacks system. Although it not part sixth phase...
Abstract To illustrate the hydrological impact of climate and land use change on an unregulated basin, agriculture‐ wetland‐dominated Smith Creek Research Basin (SCRB) was examined in detail. Streamflows (1975–1994) show behaviour typical Canadian Prairies – generation primarily by snowmelt cessation May due to lack runoff or groundwater contributions. Depressional storage has been drained for decades, reducing extent ponds 58% increasing drainage channel length 780%. Climate also changed;...
Abstract Twenty-seven models participated in the Earth System Model–Snow Model Intercomparison Project (ESM-SnowMIP), most data-rich MIP dedicated to snow modeling. Our findings do not support hypothesis advanced by previous MIPs: evaluating against more variables and providing evaluation datasets extended temporally spatially does facilitate identification of key new processes requiring improvement model mass energy budgets, even at point scales. In fact, same modeling issues identified...
Abstract The notion of convergent and transdisciplinary integration, which is about braiding together different knowledge systems, becoming the mantra numerous initiatives aimed at tackling pressing water challenges. Yet, transition from rhetoric to actual implementation impeded by incongruence in semantics, methodologies, discourse among disciplinary scientists societal actors. Here, we embrace “integrated modeling”—both quantitatively qualitatively—as a vital exploratory instrument advance...
This paper discusses the development and testing of snow algorithms with specific reference to their use application in land surface models. New algorithms, developed by authors, for estimating interception forest canopies, blowing transport sublimation, cover depletion open environment snowmelt are compared field measurements. Existing discussed observations. Recommendations made respect to: (a) density new aged environments; (b) evergreen canopies; (c) redistribution sublimation water...
Abstract The threshold wind speed for snow transport is related to properties of the surface snowpack: particle bonding, cohesion, and kinetic friction. These are controlled by meteorological factors. A method proposed that relates initiation standard observations. complete dataset on hourly condition as determined from visual observation was developed 16 stations prairies western Canada over six winters. speeds wet significantly different those dry transport. majority recorded 10-m ranged 7...
A series of process-based algorithms has been developed to describe the accumulation, unloading and sublimation intercepted snow in forest canopies. These are unique that they scale up physics interception from small scales, where well understood, stand-scale calculations sublimation. Evaluation results set against measured sublimation, a southern boreal jack pine stand during late winter, found coupled model provides reasonable approximations both losses on half-hourly, daily event bases....
Saltation of snow, the transport snow in periodic contact with and directly above surface, is governed by atmospheric shear forces applied to erodible nonerodible moving particles. Empirical data measured over a snow‐covered plain suggest functions for parameters important apportionment forces; aerodynamic roughness height during saltation, mean horizontal velocity saltating particles, efficiency saltation process. The resulting mass expression shows an approximately linear increase rate...
Abstract Accumulation of snow under forest canopies is known to decline with increasing canopy density and leaf area because interception sublimation in the canopy. Seasonal accumulation measurements, collected over a decade from various stands western Canada, were used test develop methods relate stand properties observations either small‐clearing seasonal or snowfall. At sub‐stand scales, variability was not well related area, accumulation. scale, physically based equations predicted...
Abstract An algorithm for estimating areal snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils is developed. Frozen are grouped classes according to surface entry condition as: (a) Restricted —water impeded by conditions, (b) Limited –capillary flow predominates and water influenced primarily soil physical properties, (c) Unlimited —gravity most of the meltwater infiltrates. For cumulative over time estimated a parametric equation from saturation, initial moisture content (water + ice), temperature...
Physically-based models of blowing snow and windflow are used to develop a distributed model transport sublimation over complex terrain. The is applied an arctic tundra basin. A reasonable agreement with results from surveys obtained, provided processes included; simulation without produces much greater accumulations than were measured. able reproduce some observed features redistributed snowcovers: distributions mass, classified by vegetation type landform, can be approximated lognormal...
A comprehensive, physically based model of snow accumulation, redistribution, sublimation, and melt for open forested catchments was assembled, on algorithms derived from hydrological process research in Russia Canada. The used to evaluate the long-term dynamics a an agricultural catchment northwestern without calibration observations. run with standard meteorological variables two catchments, its results were tested against regular surface observations accumulation throughout winter spring...
Abstract Observations of land surface and snowpack energetics mass fluxes were made over arctic shrub tundra varying canopy height density using radiometers, eddy covariance flux measurements, snow changes from surveys depth density. Over several years, accumulation in the shrubs was found to be consistently higher than sparse due greater retention snowfall by all wind redistribution tall shrubs. Where highest redistribution, often became buried end winter. Three classes shrub‐snow...
Algorithms to calculate the threshold wind speed and effect of exposed vegetation on saltation describe vertical profiles humidity in blowing snow, permit calculation point snow transport sublimation fluxes using standard meteorological landcover data or simple interfaces with climate models. Blowing can be upscaled open environment accumulation by accounting for their variability over fields, increase fetch, partitioning shear stress available drive transport. scaled this manner were used...
Transportation, sublimation and accumulation of snow dominate cover development in the Arctic produce episodic high evaporative fluxes. Unfortunately, blowing processes are not presently incorporated any hydrological or meteorological models. To demonstrate application simple algorithms that represent processes, monthly accumulation, relocation fluxes were calculated applied a spatially distributed manner to 68-km2 catchment low north-western Canada. The model uses Landsat-derived vegetation...