There are three known high-affinity targets for cocaine: the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET). Decades of studies support (DA) hypothesis that blockade DAT subsequent increase in extracellular DA primarily mediate cocaine reward reinforcement. Contrary to expectations, knockout (DAT-KO) mice SERT or NET still self-administer and/or display conditioned place preference (CPP) cocaine, which led reevaluation proposal redundant pathways. To study role...

The pancreatic polypeptide family of hormones and neurotransmitters including (PP), peptide YY (PYY) neuropeptide Y (NPY) are emerging as potent central regulators gastric function. There is, however, considerable debate concerning the mechanisms even direction effects mediated by these peptides. Good evidence exists showing that PYY is ‘enterogastrone’ released ileum after feeding which acts on vagal reflex control circuits to reduce motility (i.e. ‘ileal brake’). However, equally...

Youth suicide remains a significant public health problem in the United States. In 2004, Garrett LeeSmith Memorial Act provided states and tribes with funding to implement evaluate youth suicideprevention programs. The Tennessee Lives Count project was developed through collaborative modelat state level delivers an enhanced version of Question, Persuade, Refer gatekeeper trainingprogram individuals working across state. This article describes development theproject preliminary outcomes 416...

A free-recall memory task was used to assess the after-effects of strenuous exercise on cognitive functioning young adults. In a first study, 24 college-age subjects performed tests immediately following treadmill run voluntary exhaustion. The number words recalled did not differ from by in non-exercise control group. Further, there were no differences serial position effect between two groups. second 12 highly fit compared with average fitness. No found.

Intracisternal injection of TRH analogue, RX 77368, which has been previously shown to induce a vagal-dependent stimulation gastric acid secretion and contractility dose-dependently (10-300 ng) stimulated serotonin release into the lumen conscious pylorus-ligated rats. The occurred 15 30 min, respectively, after intracisternal 77368 (100 lasted for over 2 h, as measured in urethan-anesthetized rats with fistula. Cervical vagotomy atropine pretreatment (0.1 mg/kg) completely abolished...

Glutamatergic pathways mediate transmission of pain. Strategies to reduce glutamatergic neurotransmission may have beneficial effects mitigate nociception. Recent work revealed that overexpression the astrocytic glutamate transporter (GLT-1) by transgenic or pharmacologic approaches produced a diminished visceral nociceptive response colonic distension. The purpose this study was determine effect GLT-1 on visceromotor bladder Increased uptake activity 1-wk ceftriaxone (CTX) treatment...

In order to better understand the posttraining suicide prevention behavior of gatekeeper trainees, present article examines referral and service receipt patterns among gatekeeper-identified youths.Data for this study were drawn from 26 Garrett Lee Smith grantees funded between October 2005 2009 who submitted data about number, characteristics, access identified youths.The demographic characteristics youths are not related type or receipt. Furthermore, setting does seem be predictive...

Drugs that inhibit reuptake of monoamines are frequently used to treat pain syndromes, e.g. neuropathy or fibromyalgia, where mechanical allodynia is present. Several lines evidence suggest the involvement supraspinal sites action these drugs. However, a direct study serotonin (5-HT) norepinephrine (NE) release in an animal model which expressed, neuropathy, has not been done. The ventrobasal (VB) thalamus and hypothalamus major projection regions for spinal neurons transmit nociceptive...

Background Clinical studies indicate that patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently share comorbidity numerous chronic pain conditions. However, the sustained effects of PTSD-like over time on visceral nociception and hyperalgesia have been rarely studied, underlying mechanisms stress-induced modulation remain elusive. The purpose this study was to investigate characterization in rats exposed stress, explore potential role protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ) mediating...

Abstract Objective The American Cancer Society and the National Institute launched evaluated a personalized online program leveraging behavioral science principles to help people self‐manage physical emotional symptoms, improve communication skills, lead healthier lives during after cancer diagnosis. Methods survivors were recruited from an academic medical community clinical setting (N = 40) complete in‐person user testing of Springboard Beyond website, which included action decks content...

Background eHealth interventions can help cancer survivors self‐manage their health outside the clinic. Little is known about how best to engage and assist across age treatment spectra. Methods The American Cancer Society conducted a randomized controlled trial that assessed efficacy of, engagement with, Springboard Beyond Cancer, an self‐management program for survivors. Intent‐to treat analyses effects of intervention (on‐treatment vs completed) overall (n = 176; 88 control, arm)...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEGuest CommentNEXTSustainability for the Nation: Resource Connections and Governance LinkagesT. E. Graedel†, Deborah Swackhamer*‡, Robert Anex§, William F. Carroll, Jr.∥, Glen T. Daigger⊥, Paulo Ferrão#, Howard Frumkin∇, Sally Katzen○∞, Anna Palmisano◆, Stephen Polasky¶, Lynn Scarlett⊕, Stephens@, Lauren Zeise◮View Author Information† Center Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States‡ Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public...

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) is released from the gastrointestinal tract by vagal stimulation. This biogenic amine produces many alterations in gastric functional parameters, including inhibition of acid secretion. study was designed to characterize 5-HT receptor subtype modulating In urethane-anesthetized acute fistula rats, systemic (3.5 mumol/kg i.v.) inhibited output stimulated pentagastrin infusion 58%. Close intra-arterial (i.a.) injection methysergide, methiothepin,...

This study examines patterns of substance use among youth served in systems care, and how these relate to diagnosis other characteristics using latent class analysis. Results indicated a four-class solution with the four groups differing their probabilities reporting 10 different substances. Class 1 was defined by high all drug use. 2 had alcohol, tobacco, marijuana use, low for drugs. 3 moderate 4 probability tobacco no Youth who mood disorder diagnosis, were male, older, White previously...

Despite many reports that serotonin (5-HT) inhibits gastric acid output, the role and mechanism of action endogenous 5-HT to modulate secretion remain unclear. Vagal stimulation enhanced basal rate release into both lumen (600%) portal circulation (265%) rat. The peak was 1,000-fold higher luminal (12 micrograms/min 1.2 ng/min, respectively). To elucidate site(s) inhibit secretion, several approaches were taken. Intraluminal perfusion exogenous encompass levels seen after vagal did not...

The Conjugate Anvil Hammer Mill (CAHM) is a platform technology invented by Lawrence Nordell that embodies Dr Klaus Schönert's guiding principles for highly efficient comminution into series of commercial, production-scalable devices across multiple product size ranges. Schönert demonstrated unconfined, compression breakage single particles (or thin particle beds) between parallel plates produces the most energy breakage. CAHM Mark 1 Prototype and MonoRoll are 2 new leverage these...

Abstract Objective Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) are two common concerns experienced by survivors. However, the relationship between these is poorly understood, whether CRF FCR influence each other over time unclear. Methods Data were from a national, prospective, longitudinal study, American Cancer Society's Study Survivors‐I (SCS‐I). Surveys completed 1395 survivors 10 different types at three time‐points, including assessment 1.3 years (T1), 2.2 (T2) 8.8...